{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126753151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320320","title":"Pathways of glutamine and glutamate metabolism in resting and proliferating rat thymocytes: Comparison between free and peptide\u2010bound glutamine","display_name":"Pathways of glutamine and glutamate metabolism in resting and proliferating rat thymocytes: Comparison between free and peptide\u2010bound glutamine","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126753151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320320","mag":"2126753151","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2888773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/jcp.1041320320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43643205","display_name":"Journal of Cellular Physiology","issn_l":"0021-9541","issn":["0021-9541","1097-4652"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cellular Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008517069","display_name":"Karl Brand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl Brand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Federal Republic of Germany","Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Federal Republic of Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029601733","display_name":"Jutta v. Hintzenstern","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jutta von Hintzenstern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029985164","display_name":"Klaus Langer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-7478","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-7478"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Langer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Experimental Nutrition, D-8520 Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Experimental Nutrition, D-8520 Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111364708","display_name":"Werner Lothar Fekl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Werner Fekl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Experimental Nutrition, D-8520 Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Experimental Nutrition, D-8520 Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008517069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"],"apc_list":{"value":5230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5230},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6147,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59845088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"132","issue":"3","first_page":"559","last_page":"564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12770","display_name":"Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12770","display_name":"Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10631","display_name":"Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism","score":0.0210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12827","display_name":"Biochemical and Molecular Research","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamine-metabolism","display_name":"glutamine metabolism","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate-metabolism","display_name":"glutamate metabolism","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymocytes","display_name":"thymocytes","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-proliferation","display_name":"cell proliferation","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-ketoglutarate","display_name":"alpha-ketoglutarate","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tricarboxylic-acid-cycle","display_name":"TCA cycle","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspartate","display_name":"aspartic acid","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspartate-aminotransferase","display_name":"aspartate aminotransferase","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate-dehydrogenase","display_name":"glutamate dehydrogenase","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transamination","display_name":"transamination","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactate","display_name":"lactate","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyruvate","display_name":"pyruvate","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alanine","display_name":"alanine","score":0.8849999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779349466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181619","display_name":"Glutamine","level":3,"score":0.9223442077636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.7067641019821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.6687877178192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5043517351150513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.4940848648548126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779281246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172847","display_name":"Peptide","level":2,"score":0.4505780041217804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778740566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181136","display_name":"Glutamic acid","level":3,"score":0.4425271153450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3561483323574066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.328808456659317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.24491003155708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004151","descriptor_name":"Dipeptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004261","descriptor_name":"DNA Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005971","descriptor_name":"Glutamates","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005973","descriptor_name":"Glutamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011919","descriptor_name":"Rats, Inbred Strains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018698","descriptor_name":"Glutamic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/jcp.1041320320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43643205","display_name":"Journal of Cellular Physiology","issn_l":"0021-9541","issn":["0021-9541","1097-4652"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cellular Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2888773","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2888773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cellular physiology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483212110","https://openalex.org/W1524861164","https://openalex.org/W1566830427","https://openalex.org/W1596308403","https://openalex.org/W1836071808","https://openalex.org/W1940949702","https://openalex.org/W1980284913","https://openalex.org/W1997712956","https://openalex.org/W2000628687","https://openalex.org/W2006195504","https://openalex.org/W2026912546","https://openalex.org/W2053387982","https://openalex.org/W2075636558","https://openalex.org/W2149459224","https://openalex.org/W2942507508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989672017","https://openalex.org/W1836071808","https://openalex.org/W2338890205","https://openalex.org/W2126549654","https://openalex.org/W2000628687","https://openalex.org/W1978714928","https://openalex.org/W2053940626","https://openalex.org/W2151261173","https://openalex.org/W1940949702","https://openalex.org/W2411666598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pathways":[0],"of":[1,16,30,38,41,50,76,83,117,132,162,177],"glutamine":[2,31,42,51,78,118,133,167,178,206],"metabolism":[3,43],"in":[4,13,34,54,94,123,144,188,207],"resting":[5,86,189],"and":[6,62,73,87,102,108,126,134,169,185,190],"proliferating":[7,88,112,191],"rat":[8],"thymocytes":[9],"were":[10],"evaluated":[11],"by":[12,85,149,156],"vitro":[14],"incubations":[15],"freshly":[17],"prepared":[18],"or":[19],"60-h":[20],"cultured":[21],"cells":[22,113,146],"for":[23,71,106,205],"1-2":[24],"h":[25],"with":[26],"[U14C]glutamine.":[27],"Complete":[28,90],"recovery":[29],"carbons":[32,119,179],"utilized":[33],"products":[35],"allowed":[36],"quantification":[37],"the":[39,45,77,81,95,138,160],"pathways":[40],"under":[44],"experimental":[46],"conditions.":[47],"Partial":[48],"oxidation":[49,91,176],"via":[52,99,142],"2-oxoglutarate":[53,100,143],"a":[55,114],"truncated":[56],"citric":[57,96,139],"acid":[58,97,140],"cycle":[59,98,141],"to":[60,68,92,180,183],"CO2":[61,93,181],"oxaloacetate,":[63],"which":[64,196],"then":[65],"was":[66,120],"converted":[67],"aspartate,":[69],"accounted":[70,105],"76":[72],"69%,":[74],"respectively,":[75,187],"metabolized":[79],"beyond":[80],"stage":[82],"glutamate":[84,135,157],"thymocytes.":[89],"dehydrogenase":[101,104],"isocitrate":[103],"25":[107],"7%,":[109],"respectively.":[110],"In":[111,159],"substantial":[115],"amount":[116],"also":[121],"recovered":[122],"pyruvate,":[124],"alanine,":[125],"especially":[127],"lactate.":[128],"The":[129,193],"main":[130],"route":[131],"entrance":[136],"into":[137],"both":[145],"is":[147,197],"transamination":[148],"aspartate":[150,170],"aminotransferase":[151],"rather":[152],"than":[153,200],"oxidative":[154],"deamination":[155],"dehydrogenase.":[158],"presence":[161],"glucose":[163],"as":[164],"second":[165],"substrate,":[166],"utilization":[168],"formation":[171],"markedly":[172],"decreased,":[173],"but":[174],"complete":[175],"increased":[182],"37":[184],"23%,":[186],"cells.":[192],"dipeptide,":[194],"glycyl-L-glutamine,":[195],"more":[198],"stable":[199],"free":[201],"glutamine,":[202],"can":[203],"substitute":[204],"thymocyte":[208],"cultures":[209],"at":[210],"higher":[211],"concentrations.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}