{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126227948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(88)90015-0","title":"Irreversible environmental investments with uncertain benefit levels","display_name":"Irreversible environmental investments with uncertain benefit levels","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126227948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(88)90015-0","mag":"2126227948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0095-0696(88)90015-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(88)90015-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(88)90015-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200872515","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","issn_l":"0095-0696","issn":["0095-0696","1096-0449"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026824769","display_name":"W. Kip Viscusi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-7689","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-7689"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W Kip Viscusi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Northwestern University, 2003 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Northwestern University, 2003 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026824769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":{"value":3620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3620},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91985927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"147","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12883","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Management","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-irreversibility","display_name":"irreversible investment","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy","display_name":"environmental policy","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myopic-policy","display_name":"myopic policy","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-scales","display_name":"policy scales","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-costs","display_name":"fixed costs","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underinvestment","display_name":"underinvestment","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjustment-costs","display_name":"adjustment costs","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-protection-investment","display_name":"environmental investment","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7709725499153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7582100629806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.6162120699882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.5481871962547302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.5316116809844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5137990117073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.48062723875045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Economies of scale","level":2,"score":0.41546177864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127729010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60165","display_name":"Dynamic inconsistency","level":2,"score":0.41046664118766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3478793203830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09289053082466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06678399443626404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0095-0696(88)90015-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(88)90015-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(88)90015-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200872515","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","issn_l":"0095-0696","issn":["0095-0696","1096-0449"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:jeeman:v:15:y:1988:i:2:p:147-157","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0095-0696(88)90015-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46149998903274536,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W863912806","https://openalex.org/W1499713346","https://openalex.org/W1515404752","https://openalex.org/W1523141340","https://openalex.org/W1538134105","https://openalex.org/W1582925137","https://openalex.org/W1980585401","https://openalex.org/W2017049345","https://openalex.org/W2029739793","https://openalex.org/W2037771343","https://openalex.org/W2040826293","https://openalex.org/W2065699488","https://openalex.org/W2093787874","https://openalex.org/W2160310572","https://openalex.org/W3004305726","https://openalex.org/W4299364037","https://openalex.org/W4309070402","https://openalex.org/W4388334661","https://openalex.org/W4403092003","https://openalex.org/W6630926163","https://openalex.org/W6632032045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160310572","https://openalex.org/W3123682933","https://openalex.org/W2110803897","https://openalex.org/W2551151401","https://openalex.org/W7057550847","https://openalex.org/W3126108659","https://openalex.org/W1986124274","https://openalex.org/W1606049389","https://openalex.org/W1842741107","https://openalex.org/W2008663537"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}