{"id":"https://openalex.org/W212620731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2005.11657325","title":"Making R&D Lean","display_name":"Making R&D Lean","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W212620731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2005.11657325","mag":"212620731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08956308.2005.11657325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2005.11657325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2005.11657325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152897404","display_name":"Research-Technology Management","issn_l":"0895-6308","issn":["0895-6308","1930-0166"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research-Technology Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021622423","display_name":"Donald G. Reinertsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Reinertsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reinertsen & Associates, in Redondo Beach California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reinertsen & Associates, in Redondo Beach California","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070180529","display_name":"Leland Shaeffer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800444442","display_name":"Reinertsen (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/039a9p804","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800444442"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leland Shaeffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reinertsen & Associates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reinertsen & Associates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800444442"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6157,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89744181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"4","first_page":"51","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.7006999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.7006999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13706","display_name":"Management and Optimization Techniques","score":0.2280000001192093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lean-manufacturing","display_name":"lean manufacturing","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-control","display_name":"queueing control","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/batch-size-reduction","display_name":"batch size reduction","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-reduction","display_name":"waste reduction","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation-reduction","display_name":"variability reduction","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-cost-reduction","display_name":"R&D cost reduction","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-market","display_name":"time to market","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137335462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380772","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.7749950885772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169257142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509462","display_name":"Lean laboratory","level":5,"score":0.5710886120796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.5498853921890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50417146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345067","display_name":"Value stream mapping","level":3,"score":0.5492534041404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.4865328371524811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4661409258842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4481472373008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44081103801727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4319480359554291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82740854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509472","display_name":"Lean project management","level":3,"score":0.4236885607242584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.3628307580947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34260421991348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3206835687160492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24028366804122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08556592464447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08956308.2005.11657325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2005.11657325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2005.11657325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152897404","display_name":"Research-Technology Management","issn_l":"0895-6308","issn":["0895-6308","1930-0166"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research-Technology Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18132990","https://openalex.org/W1571178781","https://openalex.org/W2749040864","https://openalex.org/W2904659199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232577410","https://openalex.org/W2616594214","https://openalex.org/W2622912608","https://openalex.org/W1493935011","https://openalex.org/W2606959445","https://openalex.org/W2112871385","https://openalex.org/W3035257498","https://openalex.org/W2770826120","https://openalex.org/W4255347058","https://openalex.org/W1491760549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OVERVIEW:R&D":[0],"executives":[1],"are":[2],"just":[3],"beginning":[4],"to":[5,82],"consider":[6],"implementing":[7],"the":[8,80,85,91],"principles":[9],"of":[10,90],"lean":[11,26,32,37],"manufacturing.":[12,33],"However,":[13],"because":[14,65],"R&D":[15,27,54,70,92],"has":[16],"different":[17,20],"economics":[18],"and":[19,46,88],"value":[21],"creation":[22],"mechanisms":[23],"than":[24],"manufacturing,":[25],"must":[28,60],"differ":[29],"substantially":[30],"from":[31],"Fortunately,":[34],"many":[35],"familiar":[36],"concepts":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40],"controlling":[41],"queues,":[42],"reducing":[43,47],"batch":[44],"size,":[45],"waste":[48],"can":[49],"easily":[50],"be":[51,61],"transported":[52],"into":[53],"organizations.":[55],"Others,":[56],"like":[57],"variability":[58,68],"reduction,":[59],"approached":[62],"very":[63],"differently,":[64],"eliminating":[66],"all":[67,73],"in":[69],"also":[71],"eliminates":[72],"value-added.":[74],"Lean":[75],"principles,":[76],"used":[77],"skillfully,":[78],"offer":[79],"potential":[81],"simultaneously":[83],"improve":[84],"cost,":[86],"quality":[87],"speed":[89],"process.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}