{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126131432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.714460","title":"The smashed filter for compressive classification and target recognition","display_name":"The smashed filter for compressive classification and target recognition","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126131432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.714460","mag":"2126131432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.714460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.714460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.714460","pdf_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/6498/64980H/The-smashed-filter-for-compressive-classification-and-target-recognition/10.1117/12.714460.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/6498/64980H/The-smashed-filter-for-compressive-classification-and-target-recognition/10.1117/12.714460.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064232831","display_name":"Mark A. Davenport","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6079-6328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6079-6328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Davenport","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice Univ. (United States)","**Rice University;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Rice University;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079975633","display_name":"Marco F. Duarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-3266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-3266"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco F. Duarte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice Univ. (United States)","**Rice University;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Rice University;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065207980","display_name":"Michael B. Wakin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-4586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-4586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael B. Wakin","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology (United States)","California  Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"California  Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070064624","display_name":"Jason N. Laska","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason N. Laska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice Univ. (United States)","**Rice University;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Rice University;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027759393","display_name":"Dharmpal Takhar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dharmpal Takhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice Univ. (United States)","**Rice University;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Rice University;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030612899","display_name":"Kevin F. Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-596X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-596X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin F. Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice Univ. (United States)","**Rice University;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Rice University;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072713767","display_name":"Richard G. Baraniuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0721-8999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0721-8999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard G. Baraniuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice Univ. (United States)","Rice University UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.4846,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":243,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9978355,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6498","issue":null,"first_page":"64980H","last_page":"64980H"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11996","display_name":"Random lasers and scattering media","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"compressed sensing","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-recognition","display_name":"target recognition","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-maximum-likelihood","display_name":"generalized maximum likelihood","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold-learning","display_name":"manifold learning","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-pixel-camera","display_name":"single-pixel camera","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-signal-recovery","display_name":"sparse signal recovery","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.8117563128471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.637271523475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6269674301147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6091759204864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49679282307624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4871751666069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.47559794783592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4380326569080353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4306907057762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33793073892593384}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.714460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.714460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.714460","pdf_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/6498/64980H/The-smashed-filter-for-compressive-classification-and-target-recognition/10.1117/12.714460.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.123.8808","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.123.8808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ece.rice.edu/~duarte/images/SmashedFilter-SPIE07.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.126.3064","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.126.3064","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dsp.ece.rice.edu/cs/spie07-final.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:99366","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/99366/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.rice.edu:1911/21679","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1911/21679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401268","display_name":"Rice Research Repository (Rice University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","host_organization_name":"Rice University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.rice.edu:1911/21679","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1911/21679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401268","display_name":"Rice Research Repository (Rice University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","host_organization_name":"Rice University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.714460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.714460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.714460","pdf_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/6498/64980H/The-smashed-filter-for-compressive-classification-and-target-recognition/10.1117/12.714460.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7400000095367432}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1523888516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2156078568","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5435520422","display_name":"Multiscale Geometric Analysis for Higher Dimensional Signal Processing","funder_award_id":"0431150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6098521345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G904411873","display_name":"PostDoctoral Research Fellowship","funder_award_id":"0603606","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2126131432.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2126131432.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W335759638","https://openalex.org/W1981968656","https://openalex.org/W1986736933","https://openalex.org/W2104606835","https://openalex.org/W2106993026","https://openalex.org/W2124455902","https://openalex.org/W2129638195","https://openalex.org/W2157878484","https://openalex.org/W2160172035","https://openalex.org/W2296616510","https://openalex.org/W2537887767","https://openalex.org/W6697563226","https://openalex.org/W6728967534"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158224665","https://openalex.org/W2379589510","https://openalex.org/W4296209631","https://openalex.org/W4300044672","https://openalex.org/W2810730439","https://openalex.org/W1881631164","https://openalex.org/W2358292267","https://openalex.org/W2378166785","https://openalex.org/W1964277756","https://openalex.org/W2465351041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,83,130],"theory":[1,88,135],"of":[2,9,21,86,104,121,133,155,165,183,197,206,226],"compressive":[3,58,65,97,220],"sensing":[4],"(CS)":[5],"enables":[6],"the":[7,64,70,74,80,87,96,102,117,122,127,134,137,149,161,163,174,181,195,198,204,224,227],"reconstruction":[8],"a":[10,18,42,50,55,108,156,169,187,217],"sparse":[11],"or":[12,15,119,152],"compressible":[13],"image":[14,46,176,209],"signal":[16],"from":[17,216],"small":[19],"set":[20,164],"linear,":[22],"non-adaptive":[23],"(even":[24],"random)":[25],"projections.":[26],"However,":[27],"in":[28,40,173,194,203],"many":[29],"applications,":[30],"including":[31],"object":[32],"and":[33,208,214],"target":[34,157,231],"recognition,":[35],"we":[36,99,222],"are":[37],"ultimately":[38],"interested":[39],"making":[41],"decision":[43],"about":[44],"an":[45],"rather":[47],"than":[48],"computing":[49],"reconstruction.":[51],"We":[52,72,159,178],"propose":[53],"here":[54],"framework":[56],"for":[57,107,186,230],"classification":[59,110,189,232],"that":[60,101,180],"operates":[61],"directly":[62],"on":[63,116,126],"measurements":[66,105,184,215],"without":[67],"first":[68,84],"reconstructing":[69],"image.":[71],"dub":[73],"resulting":[75],"dimensionally":[76],"reduced":[77],"matched":[78],"filter":[79,229],"smashed":[81,228],"filter.":[82],"part":[85,132],"maps":[89],"traditional":[90],"maximum":[91,139],"likelihood":[92,140],"hypothesis":[93],"testing":[94],"into":[95],"domain;":[98],"find":[100,179],"number":[103,182,205],"required":[106,185],"given":[109,188],"performance":[111,190],"level":[112,191],"does":[113],"not":[114],"depend":[115],"sparsity":[118],"compressibility":[120],"images":[123,167],"but":[124,200],"only":[125,201],"noise":[128],"level.":[129],"second":[131],"applies":[136],"generalized":[138],"method":[141],"to":[142],"deal":[143],"with":[144],"unknown":[145],"transformations":[146],"such":[147],"as":[148],"translation,":[150],"scale,":[151],"viewing":[153],"angle":[154],"object.":[158],"exploit":[160],"fact":[162],"transformed":[166],"forms":[168],"low-dimensional,":[170],"nonlinear":[171],"manifold":[172,199],"high-dimensional":[175],"space.":[177],"grows":[192],"linearly":[193],"dimensionality":[196],"logarithmically":[202],"pixels/samples":[207],"classes.":[210],"Using":[211],"both":[212],"simulations":[213],"new":[218],"single-pixel":[219],"camera,":[221],"demonstrate":[223],"effectiveness":[225],"using":[233],"very":[234],"few":[235],"measurements.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}