{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126124753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194020350040101","title":"The Effectiveness of a Highly Explicit, Teacher-Directed Strategy Instruction Routine","display_name":"The Effectiveness of a Highly Explicit, Teacher-Directed Strategy Instruction Routine","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126124753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194020350040101","mag":"2126124753","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15493239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00222194020350040101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194020350040101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194020350040101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073947849","display_name":"Gary Alan Troia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4827-5674","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4827-5674"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary A. Troia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027680628","display_name":"Steve Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-5865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-5865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0555,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95887837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"4","first_page":"290","last_page":"305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-instruction","display_name":"writing instruction","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explicit-instruction","display_name":"explicit instruction","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-centered-instruction","display_name":"teacher-centered instruction","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-setting","display_name":"goal setting","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brainstorming","display_name":"brainstorming","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizing","display_name":"organizing","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-writing","display_name":"process writing","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/story-writing","display_name":"story writing","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persuasive-essay-writing","display_name":"persuasive essay writing","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"transfer of learning","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.6299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7251327037811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.49598535895347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15107229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740","display_name":"Learning disability","level":2,"score":0.4372914433479309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.4147430658340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778934793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620943","display_name":"Individualized instruction","level":3,"score":0.4133508801460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3608974516391754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3608279228210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.27642667293548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14546257257461548}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006040","descriptor_name":"Goals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010379","descriptor_name":"Peer Group","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013663","descriptor_name":"Teaching","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014956","descriptor_name":"Writing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00222194020350040101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194020350040101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194020350040101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15493239","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15493239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of learning disabilities","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9901999831199646,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136920846","https://openalex.org/W202010160","https://openalex.org/W612132713","https://openalex.org/W1480062598","https://openalex.org/W1533049685","https://openalex.org/W1705716046","https://openalex.org/W1823032052","https://openalex.org/W1959396890","https://openalex.org/W1984389041","https://openalex.org/W1987634058","https://openalex.org/W1994337725","https://openalex.org/W2002317317","https://openalex.org/W2006429719","https://openalex.org/W2032453421","https://openalex.org/W2033215117","https://openalex.org/W2033599984","https://openalex.org/W2035268881","https://openalex.org/W2039247718","https://openalex.org/W2039640886","https://openalex.org/W2057535702","https://openalex.org/W2059279147","https://openalex.org/W2059681549","https://openalex.org/W2068666589","https://openalex.org/W2074498277","https://openalex.org/W2103798445","https://openalex.org/W2109247346","https://openalex.org/W2109437099","https://openalex.org/W2118934174","https://openalex.org/W2129645408","https://openalex.org/W2137109911","https://openalex.org/W2150868594","https://openalex.org/W2167407533","https://openalex.org/W2733451005","https://openalex.org/W2969665616","https://openalex.org/W3005438902","https://openalex.org/W3023408919","https://openalex.org/W3040822933","https://openalex.org/W3147445961","https://openalex.org/W4238362966","https://openalex.org/W4240097615","https://openalex.org/W4362646336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150868594","https://openalex.org/W2109437099","https://openalex.org/W52169479","https://openalex.org/W2103798445","https://openalex.org/W2367608660","https://openalex.org/W3048845045","https://openalex.org/W1971639956","https://openalex.org/W2257051313","https://openalex.org/W2485267000","https://openalex.org/W2050811039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,113],"examined":[2],"the":[3,41,67,76,103],"effectiveness":[4],"of":[5,55,69,131],"a":[6],"highly":[7,104],"explicit,":[8,105],"teacher-directed":[9,106],"instructional":[10,108],"routine":[11,109],"used":[12,110],"to":[13,20,30,118,134],"teach":[14],"three":[15,42],"planning":[16,43,51],"strategies":[17,77],"for":[18,139],"writing":[19,35,56,136],"fourth":[21],"and":[22,47,57],"fifth":[23],"graders":[24],"with":[25,141],"learning":[26,142],"disabilities.":[27,143],"In":[28],"comparison":[29],"peers":[31,96],"who":[32,38,72,97],"received":[33],"process":[34,100],"instruction,":[36,70],"children":[37],"were":[39,61,98],"taught":[40,75,99],"strategies-goal":[44],"setting,":[45],"brainstorming,":[46],"organizing-spent":[48],"more":[49],"time":[50],"stories":[52,59,90],"in":[53,83,111,129],"advance":[54],"produced":[58,88,93],"that":[60],"qualitatively":[62],"better.":[63],"One":[64],"month":[65],"after":[66],"end":[68],"students":[71,140],"had":[73],"been":[74],"not":[78,115],"only":[79],"maintained":[80],"their":[81,95,132],"advantage":[82],"story":[84],"quality":[85],"but":[86],"also":[87],"longer":[89],"than":[91],"those":[92],"by":[94],"writing.":[101,124],"However,":[102],"strategy":[107],"this":[112],"did":[114],"promote":[116],"transfer":[117],"an":[119],"uninstructed":[120],"genre,":[121],"persuasive":[122],"essay":[123],"These":[125],"findings":[126],"are":[127],"discussed":[128],"terms":[130],"relevance":[133],"effective":[135],"instruction":[137],"practices":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}