{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126048487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01367895-201425030-00003","title":"Salary Differences of Male and Female Physician Assistant Educators","display_name":"Salary Differences of Male and Female Physician Assistant Educators","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126048487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01367895-201425030-00003","mag":"2126048487","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25650877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/01367895-201425030-00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01367895-201425030-00003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01367895-201425030-00003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765049202","display_name":"The Journal of Physician Assistant Education","issn_l":"1941-9430","issn":["1941-9430","1941-9449"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Physician Assistant Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083758396","display_name":"Jennifer Myers Coombs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-5986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-5986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Coombs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jennifer Coombs, PhD, PA-C, is an assistant professor for the Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, at the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. Virginia L. Valentin, MCMS, PA-C, is an assistant professor in the Division of Physician Assistant Studies at the University of Kentucky College of Health Sciences, Lexington, Kentucky","Assistant Professor","Jennifer Coombs, PhD, PA-C","Salt Lake City, UT 84108","University of Utah Department of Preventive and Family Medicine Division of Physician Assistant Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jennifer Coombs, PhD, PA-C, is an assistant professor for the Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, at the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. Virginia L. Valentin, MCMS, PA-C, is an assistant professor in the Division of Physician Assistant Studies at the University of Kentucky College of Health Sciences, Lexington, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722","https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jennifer Coombs, PhD, PA-C","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Salt Lake City, UT 84108","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah Department of Preventive and Family Medicine Division of Physician Assistant Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059408798","display_name":"Virginia L. Valentin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9126-6650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9126-6650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virginia Valentin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor","Jennifer Coombs, PhD, PA-C, is an assistant professor for the Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, at the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. Virginia L. Valentin, MCMS, PA-C, is an assistant professor in the Division of Physician Assistant Studies at the University of Kentucky College of Health Sciences, Lexington, Kentucky","Salt Lake City, UT 84108","University of Utah Department of Preventive and Family Medicine Division of Physician Assistant Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jennifer Coombs, PhD, PA-C, is an assistant professor for the Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, at the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. Virginia L. Valentin, MCMS, PA-C, is an assistant professor in the Division of Physician Assistant Studies at the University of Kentucky College of Health Sciences, Lexington, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722","https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Salt Lake City, UT 84108","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah Department of Preventive and Family Medicine Division of Physician Assistant Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87546334,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"9","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faculty-salaries","display_name":"faculty salaries","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-academia","display_name":"women in academia","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-leadership","display_name":"academic leadership","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faculty-rank","display_name":"faculty rank","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.9446227550506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.5030664801597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.43538758158683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40167248249053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3995773196220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16128963232040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.043937087059020996}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005180","descriptor_name":"Faculty, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010823","descriptor_name":"Physician Assistants","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012456","descriptor_name":"Salaries and Fringe Benefits","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058028","descriptor_name":"Research Report","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063507","descriptor_name":"Sexism","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/01367895-201425030-00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01367895-201425030-00003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01367895-201425030-00003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765049202","display_name":"The Journal of Physician Assistant Education","issn_l":"1941-9430","issn":["1941-9430","1941-9449"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Physician Assistant Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25650877","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25650877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The journal of physician assistant education : the official journal of the Physician Assistant Education Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.9444000124931335},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206900878","https://openalex.org/W272878305","https://openalex.org/W1752853586","https://openalex.org/W1990935134","https://openalex.org/W1993107749","https://openalex.org/W2008046982","https://openalex.org/W2008060831","https://openalex.org/W2010191842","https://openalex.org/W2014060834","https://openalex.org/W2026965624","https://openalex.org/W2032688904","https://openalex.org/W2035816217","https://openalex.org/W2043424934","https://openalex.org/W2070847116","https://openalex.org/W2102951918","https://openalex.org/W2115438152","https://openalex.org/W2143720752","https://openalex.org/W2162688898","https://openalex.org/W2166241043","https://openalex.org/W2239195505","https://openalex.org/W2615170258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317871090","https://openalex.org/W2009694273","https://openalex.org/W2789622195","https://openalex.org/W4387949226","https://openalex.org/W2163393947","https://openalex.org/W272878305","https://openalex.org/W1832548955","https://openalex.org/W149660582","https://openalex.org/W3094379129","https://openalex.org/W2413727734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"The":[1,38,59,150,171],"Physician":[2],"Assistant":[3],"Education":[4],"Association":[5],"(PAEA)":[6],"annual":[7,116,165],"report":[8],"has":[9,32],"shown":[10],"substantial":[11],"salary":[12],"differences":[13,67],"between":[14,26,52,82],"male":[15,53,86,169,185,212],"and":[16,54,87,94,106,110,132,180,194,229],"female":[17,55,88,205,218],"physician":[18],"assistant":[19],"(PA)":[20],"faculty.":[21],"Despite":[22],"this":[23,41],"published":[24],"difference":[25,51,81],"the":[27,36,83,113,125,222,230],"salaries,":[28],"very":[29],"little":[30],"research":[31],"been":[33],"conducted":[34],"on":[35],"subject.":[37],"purpose":[39],"of":[40,85,184,217,224],"study":[42,200],"is":[43,48],"to":[44,63,91,123],"determine":[45,64],"if":[46,65],"there":[47],"a":[49],"significant":[50,163],"PA":[56,141,155,159,186,206],"faculty":[57,89,156,187,207],"salaries.":[58,157],"researchers":[60],"set":[61],"out":[62],"these":[66],"could":[68],"be":[69],"further":[70],"distinguished":[71],"by":[72,177],"education":[73],"level,":[74],"rank,":[75,105,179],"or":[76],"position.":[77,181],"In":[78],"addition,":[79],"any":[80],"percentages":[84,183],"promoted":[90],"higher":[92,192],"ranks":[93,193],"in":[95,191,195,226],"leadership":[96,196,227],"positions":[97,228],"was":[98,121],"also":[99],"explored.":[100],"METHOD:":[101],"Salary,":[102],"gender,":[103],"degree,":[104],"position":[107],"were":[108,147,189],"obtained":[109],"deidentified":[111],"from":[112,138],"25th":[114],"PAEA":[115],"report.":[117],"SPSS":[118],"Version":[119],"20":[120],"used":[122],"analyze":[124],"data.":[126],"Statistical":[127],"analysis":[128,152],"included":[129,153],"descriptive":[130],"measures":[131],"an":[133],"independent":[134],"t":[135],"test.":[136],"Data":[137],"only":[139],"those":[140],"educators":[142,160],"who":[143],"reported":[144],"full-time":[145],"employment":[146],"used.":[148],"RESULTS:":[149],"final":[151],"477":[154],"Female":[158],"showed":[161],"statistically":[162],"lower":[164],"incomes":[166],"than":[167,210],"their":[168,211],"counterparts.":[170,213],"income":[172],"disparity":[173,232],"persisted":[174],"when":[175],"differentiated":[176],"education,":[178],"Higher":[182],"members":[188],"found":[190],"positions.":[197],"CONCLUSIONS:":[198],"This":[199],"confirms":[201],"previous":[202],"reports":[203],"that":[204],"earn":[208],"less":[209],"With":[214],"increasing":[215],"numbers":[216],"PAs":[219],"entering":[220],"academia,":[221],"lack":[223],"women":[225],"wage":[231],"are":[233],"concerning.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}