{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125963663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154857","title":"The Contractile Properties of the Elderly Human Diaphragm","display_name":"The Contractile Properties of the Elderly Human Diaphragm","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125963663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154857","mag":"2125963663","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9154857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93356601","display_name":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"1073-449X","issn":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316311","host_organization_name":"American Thoracic Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Thoracic Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004128310","display_name":"Michael Iain Polkey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-8571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-8571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119896","display_name":"King's College School","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbqcn27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M I Polkey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102130617","display_name":"M. LOU HARRIS","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119896","display_name":"King's College School","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbqcn27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M L Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P D Hughes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119896","display_name":"King's College School","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbqcn27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P D Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109086020","display_name":"C H Hamneg\u00e4rd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119896","display_name":"King's College School","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbqcn27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C H Hamneg\u00e4rd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"D Lyons","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119896","display_name":"King's College School","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbqcn27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Lyons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017963362","display_name":"M Green","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119896","display_name":"King's College School","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbqcn27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081483438","display_name":"John Moxham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0051-651X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0051-651X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119896","display_name":"King's College School","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbqcn27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Moxham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":217,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94503742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"155","issue":"5","first_page":"1560","last_page":"1564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.45829999446868896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.45829999446868896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.29660001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.03840000182390213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diaphragm","display_name":"diaphragm","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diaphragm-strength","display_name":"diaphragm strength","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transdiaphragmatic-pressure","display_name":"transdiaphragmatic pressure","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrenic-nerve-stimulation","display_name":"phrenic nerve stimulation","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"magnetic stimulation","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force-frequency-relationship","display_name":"force-frequency relationship","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-muscle-function","display_name":"respiratory muscle function","score":0.5979999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8029992580413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164292776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5271779","display_name":"Diaphragm (acoustics)","level":3,"score":0.6238077878952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777099253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737313","display_name":"Phrenic nerve","level":3,"score":0.5300036668777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500499127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Ageing","level":2,"score":0.5230082869529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.41994017362594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.3953840136528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.29960525035858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157138929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570","display_name":"Loudspeaker","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003964","descriptor_name":"Diaphragm","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008280","descriptor_name":"Magnetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009119","descriptor_name":"Muscle Contraction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010791","descriptor_name":"Phrenic Nerve","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010812","descriptor_name":"Physical Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011312","descriptor_name":"Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93356601","display_name":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"1073-449X","issn":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316311","host_organization_name":"American Thoracic Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Thoracic Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9154857","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9154857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135388064","https://openalex.org/W2983935270","https://openalex.org/W2332854945","https://openalex.org/W2968535247","https://openalex.org/W4389019044","https://openalex.org/W2955292140","https://openalex.org/W2024689370","https://openalex.org/W2235624908","https://openalex.org/W7221826566","https://openalex.org/W2021517639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1],"previously":[2],"been":[3],"reported":[4],"that":[5,226],"aging":[6,227],"is":[7,228,242],"associated":[8,229],"with":[9,28,127,169,230],"a":[10,29,59,137,173,200,231,249],"substantial":[11],"decrease":[12],"in":[13,79,119,161,233],"diaphragm":[14,234],"strength.":[15,235],"To":[16],"test":[17],"this":[18,135,214],"hypothesis":[19],"we":[20],"studied":[21],"15":[22,39],"(10":[23,41],"male,":[24,42],"5":[25,43],"female)":[26,44],"subjects":[27,81],"mean":[30,46],"age":[31,47],"of":[32,71,140,151,176,203,239,252],"29":[33],"(range":[34,49],"21":[35],"to":[36,51,103,107,154,188,198],"40)":[37],"and":[38,64,84,244],"elderly":[40,83,121,163,196],"subjects,":[45],"73":[48],"67":[50],"81).":[52],"We":[53,224],"measured":[54],"transdiaphragmatic":[55],"pressure":[56],"(Pdi)":[57],"during":[58,65],"maximal":[60],"sniff":[61],"(Sniff":[62],"Pdi)":[63,94],"bilateral":[66],"cervical":[67],"magnetic":[68],"stimulation":[69],"(CMS)":[70],"the":[72,87,120,132,162,195,204,211,237,240,253],"phrenic":[73],"nerve":[74],"roots":[75],"(Tw":[76],"Pdi).":[77],"Additionally":[78],"17":[80],"(9":[82],"8":[85,177],"young)":[86],"Pdi":[88,118,160,205],"elicited":[89],"by":[90,248],"paired":[91],"CMS":[92],"(pTw":[93],"was":[95,111,122,164],"obtained":[96,206],"at":[97,207],"interstimulus":[98],"intervals":[99],"ranging":[100],"from":[101],"10":[102,193],"999":[104],"ms":[105],"(1":[106],"100":[108,208],"Hz).":[109],"There":[110],"considerable":[112],"overlap":[113],"between":[114],"groups.":[115],"Mean":[116,158],"Sniff":[117],"119":[123],"cm":[124,129,142,156,166,171,178,190],"H2O":[125,130,143,167,179],"compared":[126,168],"136":[128],"for":[131],"young":[133],"subjects;":[134],"represented":[136],"median":[138,174],"reduction":[139,175,232,241],"18":[141],"or":[144,180],"13%":[145],"(p":[146,182,221],"=":[147,183,222],"0.05,":[148],"95%":[149,185],"Cl":[150,186],"difference":[152],"0":[153],"33":[155],"H2O).":[157,191],"Twitch":[159],"26.8":[165],"35.2":[170],"H2O,":[172],"23%":[181],"0.004,":[184],"3":[187],"13":[189],"At":[192],"Hz":[194,209],"tended":[197],"generate":[199],"higher":[201],"fraction":[202],"than":[210],"young,":[212],"but":[213],"trend":[215],"did":[216],"not":[217],"achieve":[218],"statistical":[219],"significance":[220],"0.11).":[223],"conclude":[225],"However":[236],"magnitude":[238],"small":[243],"may":[245],"be":[246],"offset":[247],"leftward":[250],"shift":[251],"force-frequency":[254],"relationship.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
