{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125611083","doi":null,"title":"SUBLIMINAL MARKETING: AN EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN LEBANON","display_name":"SUBLIMINAL MARKETING: AN EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN LEBANON","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125611083","mag":"2125611083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:jso:coejbm:v:1:y:2013:i:3:p:112-135","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.centreofexcellence.net/J/JBM/Vol1/No.3/Article1,pp.112-135.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.centreofexcellence.net/J/JBM/Vol1/No.3/Article1,pp.112-135.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016788936","display_name":"Hussin Hejase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-3144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-3144"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussin Hejase","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-3144","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077158291","display_name":"Bassam Charif Hamdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9150-5094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9150-5094"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassam Hamdar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003299302","display_name":"George N. Farha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George N. Farha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055953282","display_name":"Roula Boudiab","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roula Boudiab","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090868950","display_name":"Nouri Beyruti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nouri Beyruti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7316,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81390711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"112","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13355","display_name":"Marketing and Advertising Strategies","score":0.7050999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13355","display_name":"Marketing and Advertising Strategies","score":0.7050999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14244","display_name":"Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence","score":0.10520000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13841","display_name":"Psychology of Social Influence","score":0.09120000153779984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subliminal-advertising","display_name":"subliminal advertising","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subliminal-messages","display_name":"subliminal messages","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"advertising","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-behavior","display_name":"consumer behavior","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subconscious","display_name":"subconscious","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising-literacy","display_name":"advertising literacy","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mba-students","display_name":"MBA students","score":0.5450000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151496658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310661","display_name":"Subliminal stimuli","level":2,"score":0.9699918031692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96851999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848369","display_name":"Subconscious","level":3,"score":0.7507187724113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.595722496509552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.530604898929596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5272076725959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.5134426355361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42944642901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4120680093765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3375382721424103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.22737234830856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21899950504302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.09541484713554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:jso:coejbm:v:1:y:2013:i:3:p:112-135","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.centreofexcellence.net/J/JBM/Vol1/No.3/Article1,pp.112-135.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.centreofexcellence.net/J/JBM/Vol1/No.3/Article1,pp.112-135.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.403.5451","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.403.5451","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.centreofexcellence.net/J/JBM/Vol1/No.3/Article1,pp.112-135.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2125611083","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://centreofexcellence.net/J/JBM/Vol1/No.3/Article1,pp.112-135.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764486796","display_name":"Nihon Keiei Gakkaishi","issn_l":"1882-0271","issn":["1882-0271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319131","host_organization_name":"University of Tehran","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319131"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Tehran"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nihon Keiei Gakkaishi","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107165186","https://openalex.org/W120036293","https://openalex.org/W205087235","https://openalex.org/W566885088","https://openalex.org/W1538248103","https://openalex.org/W1546437961","https://openalex.org/W1877857629","https://openalex.org/W1920641357","https://openalex.org/W1964030010","https://openalex.org/W1968035431","https://openalex.org/W1971805991","https://openalex.org/W2041747818","https://openalex.org/W2047874726","https://openalex.org/W2064187324","https://openalex.org/W2066570796","https://openalex.org/W2073198487","https://openalex.org/W2091181629","https://openalex.org/W2134686570","https://openalex.org/W2164391693","https://openalex.org/W2164558494","https://openalex.org/W2171860432","https://openalex.org/W2174064721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2968200287","https://openalex.org/W4210710721","https://openalex.org/W120036293","https://openalex.org/W2616897159","https://openalex.org/W7221218072","https://openalex.org/W2280346933","https://openalex.org/W1606702327","https://openalex.org/W7216988345","https://openalex.org/W3166343060","https://openalex.org/W76032806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Marketing":[0],"advertising":[1],"is":[2,101,116,164,191,205],"one":[3],"of":[4,13,38,48,67,87,94,113,123,134,143,145,150,208,238],"the":[5,36,46,49,68,88,92,121,148,160,200,209,222,234],"fundamental":[6],"activities":[7],"performed":[8],"by":[9,193],"all":[10],"businesses.":[11],"Millions":[12],"dollars":[14],"are":[15,56,61,153],"budgeted":[16],"to":[17,22,63,106,117,140,177,184,233],"attract":[18],"new":[19],"customers":[20],"and":[21,51,60,156,168,180,212,230,236],"retain":[23],"current":[24],"customers.":[25],"However,":[26],"there":[27,100],"has":[28,137],"been":[29,98,138],"a":[30,141,174,181],"continuous":[31],"debate":[32],"among":[33],"marketers":[34,232],"about":[35],"use":[37],"subliminal":[39,54,79,95,124,215,239],"messages":[40,55,80,96,125,240],"in":[41,45,58,72,128,166,224,228,241],"advertising.":[42,131],"Many":[43],"believe":[44],"power":[47],"subconscious":[50],"propose":[52],"that":[53,64,78,90,190],"hidden":[57,65],"ads":[59],"addressed":[62],"part":[66],"brain.":[69],"Although":[70],"researches":[71],"this":[73,108,114],"field":[74],"have":[75,97],"not":[76],"proven":[77],"affect":[81],"human":[82],"behavior":[83],"per":[84],"se,":[85],"results":[86,149],"studies":[89],"examined":[91],"effect":[93],"contradictory;":[99],"no":[102],"clear":[103],"evidence":[104],"as":[105,126,226],"how":[107],"concept":[109],"works.":[110],"The":[111,203],"purpose":[112],"paper":[115],"shed":[118,219],"light":[119,220],"on":[120,221],"dilemma":[122],"used":[127],"Lebanese":[129,201],"marketing":[130],"A":[132],"sample":[133],"MBA":[135],"students":[136],"exposed":[139],"selection":[142],"examples":[144],"such":[146],"messages;":[147],"these":[151],"experiments":[152],"analyzed,":[154],"tested,":[155],"then":[157],"analyzed":[158],"throughout":[159],"paper.":[161],"This":[162],"research":[163,171,176,183],"exploratory":[165],"nature":[167],"uses":[169],"two":[170],"techniques,":[172],"namely":[173],"survey":[175],"quantify":[178],"findings,":[179],"qualitative":[182],"conduct":[185],"an":[186,206],"in-depth":[187],"literature":[188],"review":[189],"supported":[192],"structured":[194],"interviews":[195],"with":[196],"selected":[197],"figures":[198],"from":[199],"market.":[202],"outcome":[204],"assessment":[207],"respondents\u2019":[210],"literacy":[211],"attitude":[213],"towards":[214],"messages.":[216],"Results":[217],"help":[218],"topic":[223],"question":[225],"applied":[227],"Lebanon":[229],"guide":[231],"advantages":[235],"disadvantages":[237],"ads.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
