{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125286702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120805201907","title":"Towards an Empirically Developed Scale for System Trust: Take Two","display_name":"Towards an Empirically Developed Scale for System Trust: Take Two","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125286702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120805201907","mag":"2125286702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/154193120805201907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120805201907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120805201907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176815","display_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","issn_l":"0163-5182","issn":["0163-5182","1071-1813","1541-9312","2169-5067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050259888","display_name":"Randall D. Spain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4067-7262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4067-7262"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randall D. Spain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016157676","display_name":"Ernesto A. Bustamante","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernesto A. Bustamante","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054487236","display_name":"James P. Bliss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-9792","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-9792"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James P. Bliss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2441572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"19","first_page":"1335","last_page":"1339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-systems","display_name":"system trust","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-machine-trust","display_name":"human-machine trust","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-and-distrust","display_name":"trust and distrust","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-model","display_name":"measurement model","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119002697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3376999","display_name":"LISREL","level":3,"score":0.9289979934692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778321746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621922","display_name":"Distrust","level":2,"score":0.7241656184196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.7138040661811829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.6846069693565369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6237663626670837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5679464340209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5619677901268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4715832769870758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4471985995769501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3641279339790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.36184513568878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33191293478012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32952868938446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3283805251121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2799151837825775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.130461186170578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12217453122138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/154193120805201907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120805201907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120805201907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176815","display_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","issn_l":"0163-5182","issn":["0163-5182","1071-1813","1541-9312","2169-5067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557496348","https://openalex.org/W1571998446","https://openalex.org/W1586414640","https://openalex.org/W1973213502","https://openalex.org/W1976860309","https://openalex.org/W1978271112","https://openalex.org/W2005610883","https://openalex.org/W2014365331","https://openalex.org/W2034235631","https://openalex.org/W2041030771","https://openalex.org/W2044140042","https://openalex.org/W2063052894","https://openalex.org/W2069805764","https://openalex.org/W2074032036","https://openalex.org/W2078278639","https://openalex.org/W2091455316","https://openalex.org/W2142135351","https://openalex.org/W2142175015","https://openalex.org/W2145844491","https://openalex.org/W2150519206","https://openalex.org/W2163888106","https://openalex.org/W2320090340","https://openalex.org/W4243342770","https://openalex.org/W4248588746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128495254","https://openalex.org/W2044140042","https://openalex.org/W3130007865","https://openalex.org/W4400903177","https://openalex.org/W4412636070","https://openalex.org/W2320090340","https://openalex.org/W4384559207","https://openalex.org/W3017008286","https://openalex.org/W2757117547","https://openalex.org/W4237513721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1],"human":[2],"trust":[3,40,103],"in":[4,43],"automated":[5,44],"systems":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"frequently":[9],"limited":[10],"by":[11,32],"the":[12,54,71,81,86,96],"use":[13],"of":[14,19,56,109],"inappropriate":[15],"and":[16,35,41,119],"inaccurate":[17],"scales":[18],"human-machine":[20],"trust.":[21],"An":[22],"attempt":[23],"is":[24],"made":[25],"here":[26],"to":[27,69],"validate":[28],"a":[29,49,105],"scale":[30],"proposed":[31],"Jian,":[33],"Bisantz,":[34],"Drury":[36],"(2000)":[37],"that":[38,80,93],"measures":[39],"distrust":[42],"systems.":[45],"Sixty":[46],"participants":[47],"completed":[48],"patient":[50],"monitoring":[51],"task":[52],"with":[53],"aid":[55],"an":[57],"imperfect":[58],"signaling":[59],"system.":[60],"Confirmatory":[61],"factor":[62],"analyses":[63],"were":[64],"conducted":[65],"using":[66,95],"LISREL":[67],"8.0":[68],"determine":[70],"best":[72,82],"fitting":[73,83],"measurement":[74,120],"model.":[75,89],"Chi-square":[76],"difference":[77],"tests":[78],"indicated":[79],"model":[84],"was":[85],"2-factor":[87],"oblique":[88],"These":[90],"results":[91],"suggest":[92],"when":[94],"System":[97],"Trust":[98],"Scale,":[99],"researchers":[100],"should":[101],"treat":[102],"as":[104],"multi-dimensional":[106],"construct":[107],"comprising":[108],"two":[110],"distinct,":[111],"yet":[112],"related,":[113],"factors.":[114],"Implications":[115],"for":[116],"future":[117],"research":[118],"development":[121],"are":[122],"discussed.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}