{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125225742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_67","title":"Performance of an Efficient 6 Kw Helium Refrigerator for the LEP 200 Project at CERN","display_name":"Performance of an Efficient 6 Kw Helium Refrigerator for the LEP 200 Project at CERN","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125225742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_67","mag":"2125225742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_67","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_67","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Cryogenic Engineering","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205585766","display_name":"Advances in Cryogenic Engineering"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063614186","display_name":"W. K. Erdt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. K. Erdt","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERN, Div. AT, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERN, Div. AT, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070999421","display_name":"P. Frandsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Frandsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERN, Div. AT, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERN, Div. AT, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063886888","display_name":"D G\u00fcsewell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. G\u00fcsewell","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERN, Div. AT, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERN, Div. AT, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016484859","display_name":"K. Kurtcuoglu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Kurtcuoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linde Kryotechnik AG, CH-8422, Pfungen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linde Kryotechnik AG, CH-8422, Pfungen, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011742045","display_name":"K. L\u00f6hlein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. L\u00d6hlein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linde Kryotechnik AG, CH-8422, Pfungen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linde Kryotechnik AG, CH-8422, Pfungen, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060507453","display_name":"A.-E. Senn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.-E. Senn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linde Kryotechnik AG, CH-8422, Pfungen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linde Kryotechnik AG, CH-8422, Pfungen, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064571417","display_name":"N. O. Solheim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. O. Solheim","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERN, Div. AT, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERN, Div. AT, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065539624","display_name":"U. Wagner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linde Kryotechnik AG, CH-8422, Pfungen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linde Kryotechnik AG, CH-8422, Pfungen, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G. Winkler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Winkler","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERN, Div. AT, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERN, Div. AT, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"B. Ziegler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Ziegler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linde Kryotechnik AG, CH-8422, Pfungen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linde Kryotechnik AG, CH-8422, Pfungen, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33490566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"553","last_page":"561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11808","display_name":"Superconducting Materials and Applications","score":0.2493000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11808","display_name":"Superconducting Materials and Applications","score":0.2493000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12139","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","score":0.24060000479221344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13200","display_name":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","score":0.22579999268054962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helium-refrigerator","display_name":"helium refrigerator","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lep200","display_name":"LEP200","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-box","display_name":"cold box","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expansion-turbine","display_name":"expansion turbine","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-measurement","display_name":"performance measurement","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lep-tunnel","display_name":"LEP tunnel","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69907114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747713","display_name":"Refrigeration","level":2,"score":0.818814754486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87668248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40605","display_name":"Large Hadron Collider","level":2,"score":0.7980578541755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125557594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1796972","display_name":"Refrigerator car","level":2,"score":0.7492637038230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.6294176578521729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1855228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203476","display_name":"Liquid helium","level":3,"score":0.5484070777893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546029482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560","display_name":"Helium","level":2,"score":0.4724940359592438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164915370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5167494","display_name":"Cooling capacity","level":2,"score":0.4662206470966339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.4290200471878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4208071529865265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3973330855369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36945727467536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2872098982334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.06822618842124939}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_67","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_67","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Cryogenic Engineering","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:373354","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/373354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18750484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W372788203","https://openalex.org/W1021174310","https://openalex.org/W268534233","https://openalex.org/W3144088229","https://openalex.org/W149655053","https://openalex.org/W7055938995","https://openalex.org/W2082306698","https://openalex.org/W3034653196","https://openalex.org/W22834953","https://openalex.org/W2120078939"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}