{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124806507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","title":"The Finnish population structure A genetic and genealogical study","display_name":"The Finnish population structure A genetic and genealogical study","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124806507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","mag":"2124806507","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4680662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173499","display_name":"Hereditas","issn_l":"0018-0661","issn":["0018-0661","1601-5223"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hereditas","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103421964","display_name":"H. R. Nevanlinna","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801434414","display_name":"Finnish Red Cross","ror":"https://ror.org/045thge14","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801434414"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. R. NEVANLINNA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801434414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103421964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801434414"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"fwci":2.6714,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":256,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90542136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"195","last_page":"235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9067000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9067000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.0908999964594841,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-drift","display_name":"genetic drift","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-isolation","display_name":"population isolation","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-group-polymorphism","display_name":"blood group polymorphism","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-flow","display_name":"gene flow","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-units","display_name":"breeding units","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prehistoric-settlement","display_name":"prehistoric settlement","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gulf-of-finland","display_name":"Gulf of Finland","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genealogy","display_name":"genealogy","score":0.36800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107023163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143089","display_name":"Gene flow","level":4,"score":0.720744252204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6713539958000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6515161991119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6238236427307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.5620642900466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80990810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486420","display_name":"Genetic drift","level":4,"score":0.5232997536659241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4519668221473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.38227546215057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.31910544633865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.26665669679641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.25768935680389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.2434850037097931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.1415286362171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001789","descriptor_name":"Blood Group Antigens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001798","descriptor_name":"Blood Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003241","descriptor_name":"Consanguinity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005387","descriptor_name":"Finland","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005799","descriptor_name":"Genes, Dominant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005808","descriptor_name":"Genes, Recessive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005828","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012730","descriptor_name":"Sex Chromosomes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173499","display_name":"Hereditas","issn_l":"0018-0661","issn":["0018-0661","1601-5223"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hereditas","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:4680662","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4680662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hereditas","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb01021.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173499","display_name":"Hereditas","issn_l":"0018-0661","issn":["0018-0661","1601-5223"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hereditas","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22153300","https://openalex.org/W22981762","https://openalex.org/W99961335","https://openalex.org/W130779600","https://openalex.org/W161210092","https://openalex.org/W161318359","https://openalex.org/W226362497","https://openalex.org/W616798715","https://openalex.org/W1490836506","https://openalex.org/W1514131885","https://openalex.org/W1529178988","https://openalex.org/W1559437100","https://openalex.org/W1561190741","https://openalex.org/W1587851436","https://openalex.org/W1752411179","https://openalex.org/W1905906435","https://openalex.org/W1950028466","https://openalex.org/W1970608675","https://openalex.org/W1970768643","https://openalex.org/W1979314776","https://openalex.org/W1992861971","https://openalex.org/W2003030695","https://openalex.org/W2003232693","https://openalex.org/W2004096042","https://openalex.org/W2004497205","https://openalex.org/W2011558021","https://openalex.org/W2027596448","https://openalex.org/W2031001992","https://openalex.org/W2031073091","https://openalex.org/W2031131810","https://openalex.org/W2041184867","https://openalex.org/W2042258809","https://openalex.org/W2043245588","https://openalex.org/W2052049954","https://openalex.org/W2055601060","https://openalex.org/W2055704543","https://openalex.org/W2060612952","https://openalex.org/W2073360643","https://openalex.org/W2078293042","https://openalex.org/W2091930764","https://openalex.org/W2103210466","https://openalex.org/W2110060488","https://openalex.org/W2120670440","https://openalex.org/W2135577623","https://openalex.org/W2147444533","https://openalex.org/W2397405444","https://openalex.org/W2401586108","https://openalex.org/W2404330215","https://openalex.org/W2409144244","https://openalex.org/W2409702528","https://openalex.org/W2409941726","https://openalex.org/W2412580298","https://openalex.org/W2413632367","https://openalex.org/W2413843531","https://openalex.org/W2416553963","https://openalex.org/W2464490921","https://openalex.org/W2467024597","https://openalex.org/W2472993820","https://openalex.org/W2473557765","https://openalex.org/W2495231055","https://openalex.org/W2808889693","https://openalex.org/W4299352997","https://openalex.org/W6661079734","https://openalex.org/W6677072219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615318700","https://openalex.org/W2159043250","https://openalex.org/W2413199961","https://openalex.org/W2148340144","https://openalex.org/W2587776502","https://openalex.org/W7009157478","https://openalex.org/W1503077793","https://openalex.org/W3134760851","https://openalex.org/W2062689489","https://openalex.org/W2763344981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28,119,166,184],"distribution":[1,42,56,100,120,185],"of":[2,16,19,88,93,114,121,124,137,142,153,169,186,195,213,225,231],"both":[3,67],"polymorphic":[4,29],"and":[5,25,50,60,70,112,238],"rare":[6,125,189],"marker":[7],"genes":[8,30,126,171],"in":[9,256],"the":[10,17,55,76,84,96,99,130,147,159,181,187,202,218,222,229],"Finnish":[11],"rural":[12],"population":[13,48,132,138],"showed":[14,104],"evidence":[15,214],"effect":[18],"genetic":[20],"drift":[21],"maintained":[22],"by":[23,135],"national":[24,167],"local":[26],"isolation.":[27],"belonged":[31],"to":[32,83,201,254],"nine":[33],"loci,":[34],"all":[35,145,217],"representing":[36],"blood":[37],"or":[38,197],"serum":[39],"groups.":[40],"Their":[41],"was":[43,52,127,199],"studied":[44],"from":[45],"a":[46,109,122,177,211,235,252],"weighted":[47],"sample":[49],"this":[51],"compared":[53,128],"with":[54,108,129,191],"at":[57,68,101],"county,":[58],"community":[59,69],"village":[61,71],"level.":[62],"Great":[63],"differences":[64],"were":[65],"observed":[66],"level,":[72],"which":[73,156],"indicate":[74],"that":[75,216],"breeding":[77,163],"unit":[78],"has":[79],"been":[80],"small":[81],"up":[82],"present":[85],"time,":[86],"consisting":[87],"hundreds":[89],"rather":[90,233],"than":[91,234],"thousands":[92],"individuals.":[94],"On":[95],"other":[97],"hand,":[98],"county":[102],"level":[103],"great":[105],"uniformity":[106],"compatible":[107],"uniform":[110],"origin":[111],"lack":[113],"substantial":[115],"later":[116],"gene":[117],"flow.":[118],"variety":[123],"dynamic":[131],"structure":[133],"characterized":[134],"\u201cisolation":[136],"density\u201d.":[139],"Several":[140],"examples":[141],"enrichment":[143,168,179],"scattered":[144],"over":[146,228],"country":[148],"covered":[149],"usually":[150],"an":[151,192],"area":[152],"several":[154],"communities":[155],"probably":[157],"represent":[158],"very":[160,188],"original":[161],"large":[162],"units,":[164],"\u201csuperisolates\u201d.":[165],"these":[170],"could":[172],"hardly":[173],"be":[174],"explained":[175],"without":[176],"primary":[178],"among":[180],"first":[182,204],"settlers.":[183],"genes,":[190],"estimated":[193],"frequency":[194],".003":[196],"less,":[198],"limited":[200],"areas":[203],"settled":[205],"during":[206],"prehistoric":[207],"times.":[208],"This":[209],"forms":[210],"piece":[212],"showing":[215],"early":[219],"Finns":[220],"used":[221],"same":[223],"route":[224],"immigration,":[226],"i.e.,":[227],"Gulf":[230],"Finland,":[232],"separate":[236],"eastern":[237],"western":[239],"route.":[240],"\u201cFinland":[241],"is":[242],"like":[243],"England":[244],"six":[245],"hundred":[246],"years":[247],"ago\u201d":[248],"Arthur":[249],"Mourant":[250],"(during":[251],"visit":[253],"Finland":[255],"1958)":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
