{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124753503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221940203500305","title":"A Comparison of Multiple Methods for the Identification of Children with Reading Disabilities","display_name":"A Comparison of Multiple Methods for the Identification of Children with Reading Disabilities","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124753503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221940203500305","mag":"2124753503","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15493320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/002221940203500305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221940203500305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221940203500305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019695132","display_name":"Cecilia Sofie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144480","display_name":"Tuscaloosa City Schools","ror":"https://ror.org/049x3vp31","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144480"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia A. Sofie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Alabama","Tuscaloosa County Schools, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tuscaloosa County Schools, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066994587","display_name":"Cynthia A. Riccio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-0297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-0297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia A. Riccio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2892,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91660082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"234","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-disabilities","display_name":"reading disorders","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyslexia-screening","display_name":"dyslexia screening","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-processing","display_name":"phonological processing","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-fluency","display_name":"reading fluency","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-based-measurement","display_name":"curriculum-based measurement","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardized-achievement-tests","display_name":"standardized achievement tests","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-ratings","display_name":"teacher ratings","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-attack","display_name":"word attack","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elision","display_name":"elision","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-elementary-students","display_name":"early elementary students","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.8539084792137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8411030769348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.7223759293556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506058694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132971","display_name":"Dyslexia","level":3,"score":0.6791439652442932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5874196887016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563374","display_name":"Phonological awareness","level":3,"score":0.5700592994689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15107229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740","display_name":"Learning disability","level":2,"score":0.5625208020210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.5624975562095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776907103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17077617","display_name":"Reading disability","level":4,"score":0.519989550113678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55762236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195135","display_name":"Curriculum-based measurement","level":5,"score":0.4544059634208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4220256209373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.4218730032444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.39241957664489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.30217790603637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.2093507945537567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.16734009981155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.15158450603485107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779011557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911265","display_name":"Curriculum development","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143266803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195143","display_name":"Curriculum mapping","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002652","descriptor_name":"Child Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003479","descriptor_name":"Curriculum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004410","descriptor_name":"Dyslexia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/002221940203500305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221940203500305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221940203500305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15493320","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15493320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of learning disabilities","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.886.8629","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.886.8629","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ldx.sagepub.com/content/35/3/234.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127922413","https://openalex.org/W197647258","https://openalex.org/W227615037","https://openalex.org/W250270724","https://openalex.org/W628748675","https://openalex.org/W657661953","https://openalex.org/W1589550044","https://openalex.org/W1631828140","https://openalex.org/W1634186308","https://openalex.org/W1638981454","https://openalex.org/W1686922265","https://openalex.org/W1726283892","https://openalex.org/W1776283484","https://openalex.org/W1860450882","https://openalex.org/W1860511877","https://openalex.org/W1872019827","https://openalex.org/W1906010401","https://openalex.org/W1925329334","https://openalex.org/W1936361398","https://openalex.org/W1952655678","https://openalex.org/W1961368226","https://openalex.org/W1965508252","https://openalex.org/W1972663308","https://openalex.org/W1973217906","https://openalex.org/W1976783789","https://openalex.org/W1978978062","https://openalex.org/W1979602079","https://openalex.org/W1980063307","https://openalex.org/W1981690173","https://openalex.org/W1991285497","https://openalex.org/W1992351390","https://openalex.org/W1993719393","https://openalex.org/W2001311108","https://openalex.org/W2005032463","https://openalex.org/W2007502254","https://openalex.org/W2008777534","https://openalex.org/W2011068847","https://openalex.org/W2024921063","https://openalex.org/W2025101079","https://openalex.org/W2026429839","https://openalex.org/W2028660422","https://openalex.org/W2031105829","https://openalex.org/W2038496670","https://openalex.org/W2039050556","https://openalex.org/W2048145790","https://openalex.org/W2049826494","https://openalex.org/W2053693244","https://openalex.org/W2054276194","https://openalex.org/W2054851453","https://openalex.org/W2057266115","https://openalex.org/W2061693824","https://openalex.org/W2062755536","https://openalex.org/W2065232964","https://openalex.org/W2066794834","https://openalex.org/W2067051365","https://openalex.org/W2071110688","https://openalex.org/W2072628225","https://openalex.org/W2076539547","https://openalex.org/W2093993280","https://openalex.org/W2108926053","https://openalex.org/W2120360711","https://openalex.org/W2126421120","https://openalex.org/W2126831351","https://openalex.org/W2128091892","https://openalex.org/W2130958283","https://openalex.org/W2135436023","https://openalex.org/W2139461448","https://openalex.org/W2139804932","https://openalex.org/W2145892464","https://openalex.org/W2152959030","https://openalex.org/W2168704220","https://openalex.org/W2170845581","https://openalex.org/W2317934904","https://openalex.org/W2551131602","https://openalex.org/W2727116215","https://openalex.org/W2731366863","https://openalex.org/W2733154886","https://openalex.org/W2733762557","https://openalex.org/W2970352083","https://openalex.org/W2981646931","https://openalex.org/W3042419149","https://openalex.org/W3168223971","https://openalex.org/W3170220924","https://openalex.org/W3188757608","https://openalex.org/W4205754043","https://openalex.org/W4235959903","https://openalex.org/W4236535595","https://openalex.org/W4237686232","https://openalex.org/W4247670335","https://openalex.org/W4248096880","https://openalex.org/W4251452379","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300297215","https://openalex.org/W6730684046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019709902","https://openalex.org/W2126421120","https://openalex.org/W2053377771","https://openalex.org/W2040205326","https://openalex.org/W2142039977","https://openalex.org/W2125052076","https://openalex.org/W2043356640","https://openalex.org/W2727057767","https://openalex.org/W7100365352","https://openalex.org/W2127921294"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"considerable":[3],"discussion":[4],"of":[5,12,30,41,53,61,120,129,188,215],"the":[6,10,28,140,169,174,180,186,191,201,206,213,219],"methods":[7,22],"used":[8,26,65,176],"for":[9,87,198],"identification":[11,29],"children":[13,31,68,85,94],"with":[14,32,38,47,66,146,161],"reading":[15,33,48,62,88,100,121,135,182,225],"disabilities.":[16,49],"This":[17],"study":[18],"examined":[19],"three":[20],"different":[21],"that":[23,173,212],"could":[24],"be":[25,45,196],"in":[27,69,99,101,152,168,185,203],"disabilities":[34,89],"and":[35,58,72,93,125,132,134,205],"their":[36,102],"consistency":[37],"teacher":[39,147],"ratings":[40,138],"behaviors":[42],"believed":[43,194],"to":[44,77,158,195],"associated":[46],"Standardized,":[50],"norm-referenced":[51,118],"measures":[52,60,119,128,155,175,216],"achievement,":[54],"phonological":[55,127,189],"processing":[56],"measures,":[57,80],"curriculum-based":[59],"fluency":[63],"were":[64,75,96,144,156,166],"40":[67],"Grades":[70],"1":[71],"2.":[73],"Comparisons":[74],"made":[76],"determine":[78],"which":[79],"if":[81],"any,":[82],"differentiated":[83],"between":[84],"referred":[86],"(n":[90,107],"=":[91,108],"20)":[92],"who":[95],"progressing":[97],"typically":[98],"general":[103],"education":[104],"classroom":[105],"settings":[106],"20).":[109],"The":[110],"results":[111],"indicated":[112],"significant":[113],"between-group":[114],"differences":[115,202],"on":[116,139],"standardized,":[117],"recognition,":[122],"word":[123],"attack,":[124],"comprehension;":[126],"blending":[130],"nonwords":[131],"elision;":[133],"fluency.":[136],"Teacher":[137],"Dyslexia":[141],"Screening":[142],"Instrument":[143],"consistent":[145],"beliefs":[148],"regarding":[149,222],"children's":[150],"progress":[151],"reading.":[153,199],"All":[154],"found":[157],"correlate":[159],"significantly":[160],"each":[162],"other.":[163],"However,":[164],"correlations":[165],"generally":[167],"moderate":[170,207],"range,":[171],"suggesting":[172],"did":[177],"not":[178],"measure":[179],"same":[181],"skills":[183],"or,":[184],"case":[187],"processing,":[190],"underlying":[192],"abilities":[193],"necessary":[197],"Given":[200],"tasks":[204],"correlations,":[208],"it":[209],"is":[210],"likely":[211],"choice":[214],"may":[217],"affect":[218],"conclusions":[220],"reached":[221],"a":[223],"student's":[224],"ability.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}