{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124708020","doi":null,"title":"Selective Review of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Schizophrenia","display_name":"Selective Review of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Schizophrenia","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124708020","mag":"2124708020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.iisc.ac.in:50649","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://journal.library.iisc.ernet.in/index.php/iisc/article/view/4531","pdf_url":"http://journal.library.iisc.ernet.in/index.php/iisc/article/view/4531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196309","display_name":"NOT FOUND REPOSITORY (Indian Institute of Science Bangalore)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://journal.library.iisc.ernet.in/index.php/iisc/article/view/4531","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063734487","display_name":"Naren Prahalada Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-1873","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-1873"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naren P. Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Neuroscience#R##N#Indian Institute of Science#R##N#Bangalore 560 012"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-1873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Neuroscience#R##N#Indian Institute of Science#R##N#Bangalore 560 012","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063734487"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"4","first_page":"465","last_page":"472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.5932999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.5932999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.3865000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1h-nmr-spectroscopy","display_name":"1H NMR","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-metabolites","display_name":"brain metabolites","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurometabolites","display_name":"neurometabolites","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-acetylaspartate","display_name":"N-acetylaspartate","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myo-inositol","display_name":"myo-inositol","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choline","display_name":"choline","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotransmitters","display_name":"neurotransmitters","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-disorders","display_name":"mental illness","score":0.5410000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.7059254050254822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","level":2,"score":0.6303220987319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5472750663757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781123555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193166","display_name":"Choline","level":2,"score":0.5280704498291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4681307077407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4662192463874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4605153799057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.44181695580482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.4311458170413971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38244593143463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.3513108491897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18480327725410461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16544991731643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.12942072749137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11449018120765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.iisc.ac.in:50649","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://journal.library.iisc.ernet.in/index.php/iisc/article/view/4531","pdf_url":"http://journal.library.iisc.ernet.in/index.php/iisc/article/view/4531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196309","display_name":"NOT FOUND REPOSITORY (Indian Institute of Science Bangalore)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2124708020","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/50649/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765044025","display_name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","issn_l":"0019-4964","issn":["0019-4964","0970-4140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.iisc.ac.in:50649","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://journal.library.iisc.ernet.in/index.php/iisc/article/view/4531","pdf_url":"http://journal.library.iisc.ernet.in/index.php/iisc/article/view/4531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196309","display_name":"NOT FOUND REPOSITORY (Indian Institute of Science Bangalore)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124708020.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124708020.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59434130","https://openalex.org/W117268017","https://openalex.org/W1526029238","https://openalex.org/W1914381346","https://openalex.org/W1965782412","https://openalex.org/W1971964143","https://openalex.org/W1980394726","https://openalex.org/W1983956215","https://openalex.org/W1990002389","https://openalex.org/W1990342267","https://openalex.org/W1998855584","https://openalex.org/W2006122360","https://openalex.org/W2007193575","https://openalex.org/W2009447429","https://openalex.org/W2010826100","https://openalex.org/W2013679584","https://openalex.org/W2015833813","https://openalex.org/W2019338831","https://openalex.org/W2024064529","https://openalex.org/W2024707649","https://openalex.org/W2027890559","https://openalex.org/W2028884770","https://openalex.org/W2031658195","https://openalex.org/W2038409107","https://openalex.org/W2039864610","https://openalex.org/W2048702439","https://openalex.org/W2049362778","https://openalex.org/W2055807641","https://openalex.org/W2066003443","https://openalex.org/W2067483523","https://openalex.org/W2082343911","https://openalex.org/W2083601115","https://openalex.org/W2092416470","https://openalex.org/W2093248761","https://openalex.org/W2095268315","https://openalex.org/W2096693305","https://openalex.org/W2106926455","https://openalex.org/W2118831242","https://openalex.org/W2121713405","https://openalex.org/W2127395715","https://openalex.org/W2136862519","https://openalex.org/W2141432085","https://openalex.org/W2145602532","https://openalex.org/W2151331628","https://openalex.org/W2159996636","https://openalex.org/W2160952465","https://openalex.org/W2170946434","https://openalex.org/W2268434662","https://openalex.org/W2307946778","https://openalex.org/W2335523060","https://openalex.org/W2470737408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967465921","https://openalex.org/W3099670803","https://openalex.org/W38776113","https://openalex.org/W3142704969","https://openalex.org/W2902355374","https://openalex.org/W61732577","https://openalex.org/W3007298905","https://openalex.org/W2107594891","https://openalex.org/W2036944640","https://openalex.org/W2083585474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetic":[0],"Resonance":[1],"Spectroscopy":[2],"(MRS)":[3],"offers":[4],"a":[5,48,99],"unique":[6],"opportunity":[7],"to":[8,19,37,74],"measure":[9],"brain":[10,22],"metabolites":[11],"in-vivo,":[12],"and":[13,24,45,59,85,101,110,121,134,155,167],"in":[14,28,35,67,97,106,148,172,182],"doing":[15],"so":[16],"enables":[17],"one":[18],"understand":[20],"the":[21,29,90,95,116,119,131,143,160,165],"function":[23],"cellular":[25],"processes":[26],"implicated":[27],"pathophysiology":[30],"of":[31,42,77,89,146,159,169],"psychiatric":[32,103,149,184],"disorders.":[33,150],"MRS,":[34],"addition":[36],"being":[38],"non-invasive,":[39],"is":[40,71],"devoid":[41],"radioactive":[43],"tracers":[44],"ionizing":[46],"radiation,":[47],"distinct":[49],"advantage":[50],"over":[51],"other":[52],"imaging":[53],"modalities":[54],"like":[55,80],"positron":[56],"emission":[57,62],"tomography":[58],"single":[60],"photon":[61],"computed":[63],"tomography.":[64],"With":[65],"advances":[66],"MRS":[68,91,147,170],"technique":[69],"it":[70],"now":[72],"possible":[73],"quantify":[75],"concentrations":[76],"relevant":[78],"compounds":[79],"neurotransmitters,":[81],"neuronal":[82],"viability":[83],"markers":[84],"pharmacological":[86],"compounds.":[87],"Majority":[88],"studies":[92,179],"have":[93,141],"examined":[94],"neurometabolites":[96],"schizophrenia,":[98],"common":[100],"debilitating":[102],"disorder.":[104],"Abnormalities":[105],"N":[107],"Acetyl":[108],"aspartate":[109],"Glutamate":[111],"are":[112,123,127,157,180],"consistently":[113],"reported":[114],"while":[115],"reports":[117],"regarding":[118],"myoinsoitol":[120],"choline":[122],"inconsistent.":[124],"These":[125],"abnormalities":[126],"not":[128],"changed":[129],"across":[130],"illness":[132],"stages":[133],"despite":[135],"treatment.":[136],"However,":[137],"multiple":[138],"technical":[139],"challenges":[140],"limited":[142],"widespread":[144],"use":[145],"Guidelines":[151],"for":[152,186],"uniform":[153],"acquisition":[154],"preprocessing":[156],"need":[158],"hour,":[161],"which.":[162],"would":[163],"increase":[164],"replicability":[166],"validity":[168],"measures":[171],"psychiatry.":[173],"Finally":[174],"long":[175],"term,":[176],"prospective,":[177],"longitudinal":[178],"required":[181],"different":[183],"disorders":[185],"potential":[187],"clinical":[188],"applications.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}