{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124649368","doi":null,"title":"Mechanism of bronchodilator effect in chronic airflow limitation.","display_name":"Mechanism of bronchodilator effect in chronic airflow limitation.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124649368","mag":"2124649368","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1984814","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1452523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:252908","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1452523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1452523","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052277700","display_name":"Roman Jaeschke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Jaeschke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Epidemiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031717153","display_name":"Gordon Henry Guyatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-5718","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-5718"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G H Guyatt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091881218","display_name":"Joel Singer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-4382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-4382"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Singer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109957053","display_name":"Jana Keller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Keller","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059182754","display_name":"Michael T. Newhouse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1727-7877","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1727-7877"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M T Newhouse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6189,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89394843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"144","issue":"1","first_page":"35","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10665","display_name":"Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bronchodilators","display_name":"bronchodilators","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theophylline","display_name":"theophylline","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salbutamol","display_name":"salbutamol","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-airflow-obstruction","display_name":"chronic airflow obstruction","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyspnea","display_name":"dyspnea","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-caliber","display_name":"airway caliber","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-muscle-strength","display_name":"respiratory muscle strength","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-expiratory-pressure","display_name":"maximal expiratory pressure","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fev1","display_name":"FEV1","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-combination-effects","display_name":"drug combination effects","score":0.45399999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778095195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407308","display_name":"Theophylline","level":2,"score":0.8700672388076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410358","display_name":"Salbutamol","level":3,"score":0.8632508516311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8481032848358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927234","display_name":"Bronchodilator","level":3,"score":0.8309264183044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.6574645042419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87813604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242899","display_name":"Crossover study","level":4,"score":0.6222907900810242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.6133573055267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.580987811088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909548125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927234","display_name":"Bronchodilator Agents","level":4,"score":0.5278235077857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105922876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423981","display_name":"Airway","level":2,"score":0.5191544890403748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75603125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1877462","display_name":"Pulmonary function testing","level":2,"score":0.4944276809692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.44016680121421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.33019840717315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.3297805190086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.32624271512031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000420","descriptor_name":"Albuterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000420","descriptor_name":"Albuterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000420","descriptor_name":"Albuterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004417","descriptor_name":"Dyspnea","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004417","descriptor_name":"Dyspnea","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004417","descriptor_name":"Dyspnea","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005541","descriptor_name":"Forced Expiratory Volume","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005652","descriptor_name":"Functional Residual Capacity","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008173","descriptor_name":"Lung Diseases, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012132","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013806","descriptor_name":"Theophylline","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013806","descriptor_name":"Theophylline","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013806","descriptor_name":"Theophylline","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:252908","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1452523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:1984814","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1984814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1452523","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1452523/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CMAJ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2124649368","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1984814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:252908","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1452523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139152004","https://openalex.org/W1583848026","https://openalex.org/W1588731224","https://openalex.org/W1933080793","https://openalex.org/W1967782450","https://openalex.org/W1983378915","https://openalex.org/W2011235947","https://openalex.org/W2017797177","https://openalex.org/W2047317673","https://openalex.org/W2087312413","https://openalex.org/W2097667004","https://openalex.org/W2163426512","https://openalex.org/W2338429321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W139152004","https://openalex.org/W1805916934","https://openalex.org/W2038745812","https://openalex.org/W2086673780","https://openalex.org/W2125876829","https://openalex.org/W2411720308","https://openalex.org/W1984133929","https://openalex.org/W2051400033","https://openalex.org/W2011235947","https://openalex.org/W2011540805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"the":[3,90,102,107,112,124,137,149],"mechanisms":[4],"through":[5],"which":[6],"two":[7,84],"bronchodilators":[8],"(theophylline":[9],"and":[10,36,44,62,69,116,141,164,172],"salbutamol)":[11],"influence":[12],"dyspnea":[13,45,72,119,144,176],"during":[14,46,74,177],"daily":[15,47,75,178],"activities.":[16],"METHODS:":[17],"Twenty-four":[18],"patients":[19,181],"with":[20,182],"chronic":[21,183],"airflow":[22,184],"limitation":[23],"participated":[24],"in":[25,54,58,71,92,114,118,126,139,143,151,161,165,175,180,187],"a":[26],"multiple":[27],"crossover,":[28],"randomized,":[29],"placebo-controlled":[30],"trial.":[31],"The":[32,83,99,109,134],"effect":[33],"of":[34,52,192],"theophylline":[35,104],"salbutamol,":[37],"alone":[38],"or":[39],"combined,":[40],"on":[41],"pulmonary":[42],"function":[43],"activities":[48,76,179],"was":[49,128,153],"examined.":[50,81],"Correlations":[51],"changes":[53,70,113,125,138,150],"forced":[55],"expiratory":[56,64],"volume":[57],"1":[59],"second":[60],"(FEV1)":[61],"maximum":[63],"pressures":[65],"(MIPs)":[66],"(independent":[67],"variables)":[68],"score":[73],"(dependent":[77],"variable)":[78],"were":[79,94],"also":[80],"RESULTS:":[82],"drugs":[85,100],"proved":[86],"to":[87],"be":[88,191],"beneficial":[89],"effects":[91],"general":[93],"additive":[95],"rather":[96],"than":[97,132,157],"synergistic.":[98],"improved":[101,106],"FEV1;":[103],"significantly":[105],"MIPs.":[108],"correlation":[110,135],"between":[111,136],"FEV1":[115],"those":[117,142],"score,":[120,145],"after":[121,146],"adjustment":[122,147],"for":[123,148],"MIPs,":[127],"0.55":[129],"(p":[130,155],"less":[131,156],"0.001).":[133,158],"MIPs":[140],"FEV1,":[152],"0.39":[154],"CONCLUSIONS:":[159],"Changes":[160,186],"airway":[162,188],"calibre":[163,189],"respiratory":[166],"muscle":[167],"strength":[168],"play":[169],"an":[170],"independent":[171],"important":[173],"role":[174],"limitation.":[185],"may":[190],"greater":[193],"importance.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}