{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124615673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1121","title":"Why are Kenyan teachers still using corporal punishment eight years after a ban on corporal punishment?","display_name":"Why are Kenyan teachers still using corporal punishment eight years after a ban on corporal punishment?","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124615673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1121","mag":"2124615673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/car.1121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125708707","display_name":"Child Abuse Review","issn_l":"0952-9136","issn":["0952-9136","1099-0852"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Child Abuse Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024196531","display_name":"Maureen Mweru","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153975220","display_name":"Kenyatta University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p2z3x69","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153975220"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maureen Mweru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Early Childhood Studies Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya","Early Childhood Studies Department, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844\u201000100, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Early Childhood Studies Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153975220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Early Childhood Studies Department, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844\u201000100, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153975220"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024196531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153975220"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.5967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98273239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"248","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.016499999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporal-punishment","display_name":"corporal punishment","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-discipline","display_name":"student discipline","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporal-punishment-ban","display_name":"corporal punishment ban","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-act","display_name":"Children's Act","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-nations-convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child","display_name":"Convention on the Rights of the Child","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-rights","display_name":"children's rights","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonviolent-discipline","display_name":"nonviolent discipline","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-education","display_name":"teacher professional development","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.6690000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776474481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305","display_name":"Corporal punishment","level":2,"score":0.9802777767181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187651312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114","display_name":"Kenya","level":2,"score":0.9649723768234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6273772716522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778881941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436248","display_name":"Spanking","level":4,"score":0.6250479221343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6072449684143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5061056017875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993946119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167191","display_name":"Child abuse","level":4,"score":0.45837071537971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.434353768825531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4222058951854706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779415726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029430","display_name":"Child protection","level":2,"score":0.4115544855594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3847132623195648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3278962969779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2545737624168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.25104382634162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14715254306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.13162752985954285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/car.1121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125708707","display_name":"Child Abuse Review","issn_l":"0952-9136","issn":["0952-9136","1099-0852"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Child Abuse Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125890985","https://openalex.org/W301354708","https://openalex.org/W1493632016","https://openalex.org/W1944091832","https://openalex.org/W1978243116","https://openalex.org/W1988879919","https://openalex.org/W1993197616","https://openalex.org/W2000052018","https://openalex.org/W2014671462","https://openalex.org/W2014983815","https://openalex.org/W2020035693","https://openalex.org/W2028862512","https://openalex.org/W2040027351","https://openalex.org/W2057227626","https://openalex.org/W2059267921","https://openalex.org/W2062153802","https://openalex.org/W2105630660","https://openalex.org/W2110841118","https://openalex.org/W2120950127","https://openalex.org/W2134905898","https://openalex.org/W2138522760","https://openalex.org/W2141942078","https://openalex.org/W2149670844","https://openalex.org/W2162129776","https://openalex.org/W2163526678","https://openalex.org/W2254735081","https://openalex.org/W2316847397","https://openalex.org/W2500944215","https://openalex.org/W2565904582","https://openalex.org/W4251857210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2581795392","https://openalex.org/W4416519493","https://openalex.org/W2987007673","https://openalex.org/W2944642654","https://openalex.org/W373810265","https://openalex.org/W7098316503","https://openalex.org/W130355511","https://openalex.org/W2979879853","https://openalex.org/W7168180818","https://openalex.org/W2279373731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"Kenyan":[2,8,69,86,156,186],"government":[3,157,187],"banned":[4],"corporal":[5,65,83,119,127],"punishment":[6,66,84,120,128],"in":[7,10,68,121,188],"schools":[9],"2001":[11],"and":[12,31,88,142],"enacted":[13],"the":[14,39,42,45,62,77,80,95,116,130,135,155,175,182,185],"Children's":[15],"Act":[16],"(Government":[17],"of":[18,29,44,60,64,82,91,97,112,118,184,194],"Kenya,":[19],"2001)":[20],"which":[21,50],"entitles":[22],"children":[23,141],"to":[24,38,75,139,161],"protection":[25],"from":[26],"all":[27],"forms":[28],"abuse":[30],"violence.":[32],"Kenya":[33],"is":[34,56,173],"also":[35],"a":[36],"signatory":[37],"Convention":[40],"on":[41,94,99,191],"Rights":[43],"Child":[46],"(United":[47],"Nations,":[48],"1990)":[49],"states":[51],"that":[52,108,132,143],"discipline":[53,140],"involving":[54],"violence":[55,98],"unacceptable.":[57],"In":[58],"spite":[59],"this,":[61],"use":[63,81,96,117],"continues":[67],"schools.":[70,122],"This":[71,149,178],"study":[72,150],"therefore":[73,180],"sought":[74],"identify":[76],"reasons":[78,124],"behind":[79],"by":[85],"teachers":[87,109,164,190],"teachers'":[89],"awareness":[90],"existing":[92,113],"laws":[93,114,160],"children.":[100,196],"Data":[101],"collected":[102],"through":[103],"focus":[104],"group":[105],"discussions":[106],"showed":[107],"were":[110],"aware":[111],"prohibiting":[115],"Their":[123],"for":[125,174],"using":[126],"included":[129],"belief":[131],"it":[133,172],"was":[134],"most":[136],"effective":[137],"way":[138],"parents":[144],"had":[145],"authorised":[146],"its":[147],"use.":[148],"has":[151,158],"shown":[152],"that,":[153],"although":[154],"introduced":[159],"protect":[162],"children,":[163],"will":[165],"readily":[166],"break":[167],"them":[168],"if":[169],"they":[170],"believe":[171],"children's":[176],"good.":[177],"paper":[179],"recommends":[181],"involvement":[183],"training":[189],"non\u2010violent":[192],"ways":[193],"disciplining":[195],"Copyright":[197],"\u00a9":[198],"2010":[199],"John":[200],"Wiley":[201],"&":[202],"Sons,":[203],"Ltd.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}