{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124409302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.2.135","title":"On the Accuracy of Economic Observations: Do Sub-Saharan Trade Statistics Mean Anything?","display_name":"On the Accuracy of Economic Observations: Do Sub-Saharan Trade Statistics Mean Anything?","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124409302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.2.135","mag":"2124409302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/wber/4.2.135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.2.135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.2.135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735890421","display_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","issn_l":"0258-6770","issn":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008281080","display_name":"Alexander J. Yeats","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-8418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-8418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander J. Yeats","raw_affiliation_strings":["The author is an economist in the International Economics Department of the World Bank. He greatly benefited from an early discussion with Wolfgang F. Stolper on the methodological approach to be used in and the need for this study. The author would like to thank Jong-Goo Park, Paul Meo, Alfred Tovias, and Bela Balassa for comments and suggestions","World Bank, Washington, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The author is an economist in the International Economics Department of the World Bank. He greatly benefited from an early discussion with Wolfgang F. Stolper on the methodological approach to be used in and the need for this study. The author would like to thank Jong-Goo Park, Paul Meo, Alfred Tovias, and Bela Balassa for comments and suggestions","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank, Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008281080"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"apc_list":{"value":3986,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3986},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8458,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97956731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"135","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-exports","display_name":"African exports","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commodity-exports","display_name":"merchandise exports","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smuggling","display_name":"smuggling","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intra-african-trade","display_name":"intra-African trade","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-promotion-policy","display_name":"export promotion policy","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5089821815490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77173449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047361","display_name":"Economic statistics","level":2,"score":0.4582812190055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32812270522117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.09748724102973938}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/wber/4.2.135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.2.135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.2.135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735890421","display_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","issn_l":"0258-6770","issn":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565332674","https://openalex.org/W1969011225","https://openalex.org/W2004508127","https://openalex.org/W2020874180","https://openalex.org/W2313435313","https://openalex.org/W2978567598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027784944","https://openalex.org/W1994510983","https://openalex.org/W4390725434","https://openalex.org/W1498301978","https://openalex.org/W2611055910","https://openalex.org/W4229839399","https://openalex.org/W2013941628","https://openalex.org/W4237535713","https://openalex.org/W7095246491","https://openalex.org/W7074692422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"African":[0,40,120],"governments":[1],"are":[2,96],"being":[3],"urged":[4],"to":[5,17,21,109],"promote":[6],"commodity":[7],"exports,":[8,41],"yet":[9],"without":[10],"reliable":[11],"trade":[12,32,85,94],"statistics":[13,33,95],"it":[14],"is":[15],"difficult":[16],"formulate":[18],"appropriate":[19],"policies":[20],"achieve":[22],"this":[23],"goal.":[24],"This":[25],"article":[26],"assesses":[27],"the":[28,36,64,76,89,111],"accuracy":[29],"of":[30,39,75],"U.N.":[31],"by":[34],"comparing":[35],"declared":[37],"value":[38],"plus":[42],"a":[43],"transport":[44],"and":[45,69,117],"insurance":[46],"cost":[47],"factor,":[48],"with":[49,66,86],"partner":[50],"countries'":[51],"reported":[52],"import":[53],"values.":[54],"The":[55],"results":[56],"show":[57,101],"that":[58,102],"major":[59,79],"discrepancies":[60],"often":[61],"exist":[62,81],"between":[63],"two,":[65],"false":[67],"invoicing":[68],"smuggling":[70],"apparently":[71],"responsible":[72],"for":[73],"much":[74],"difference.":[77],"Although":[78],"disparities":[80],"in":[82,92,119],"data":[83,104],"on":[84,108],"developed":[87],"countries,":[88],"average":[90],"differences":[91],"intra-African":[93],"substantially":[97],"larger.":[98],"Statistical":[99],"tests":[100],"these":[103],"cannot":[105],"be":[106],"relied":[107],"indicate":[110],"level,":[112],"composition,":[113],"or":[114],"even":[115],"direction":[116],"trends":[118],"trade.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}