{"id":"https://openalex.org/W21243736","doi":null,"title":"IQ and targeted based cognitive tier II interventions","display_name":"IQ and targeted based cognitive tier II interventions","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W21243736","mag":"21243736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:21243736","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mds.marshall.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1845&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079350278","display_name":"James B. Justice","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James B. Justice","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079350278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00364806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.6104000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.6104000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.16200000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.08150000125169754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iq","display_name":"IQ","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-to-intervention","display_name":"Response to Intervention","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-assessment","display_name":"reading assessment","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-intervention","display_name":"academic intervention","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-education-placement","display_name":"special education placement","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-progress-monitoring","display_name":"academic progress monitoring","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-decision-making","display_name":"educational decision-making","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-self-regulation","display_name":"student self-regulation","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166047926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170277","display_name":"Intelligence quotient","level":3,"score":0.8167881965637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6824727058410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6222248673439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6006052494049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5690901875495911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5664738416671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5438253879547119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.5262352824211121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780732545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315969","display_name":"Response to intervention","level":3,"score":0.43762844800949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.37229233980178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.18536901473999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.09180152416229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:21243736","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mds.marshall.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1845&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W350649708","https://openalex.org/W1817671015","https://openalex.org/W1933637728","https://openalex.org/W1956330273","https://openalex.org/W2007462652","https://openalex.org/W2036654613","https://openalex.org/W2044480105","https://openalex.org/W2049223594","https://openalex.org/W2069035587","https://openalex.org/W2071461458","https://openalex.org/W2071775749","https://openalex.org/W2072075600","https://openalex.org/W2075717254","https://openalex.org/W2076681756","https://openalex.org/W2096581441","https://openalex.org/W2096587741","https://openalex.org/W2098490852","https://openalex.org/W2107541546","https://openalex.org/W2109458426","https://openalex.org/W2144163412","https://openalex.org/W2152831629","https://openalex.org/W2167582578","https://openalex.org/W2170387486","https://openalex.org/W2411626464","https://openalex.org/W2502550861","https://openalex.org/W2996369178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167582578","https://openalex.org/W120661844","https://openalex.org/W1933637728","https://openalex.org/W7223620357","https://openalex.org/W7223617241","https://openalex.org/W584096725","https://openalex.org/W7223636473","https://openalex.org/W51979795","https://openalex.org/W177911347","https://openalex.org/W2107541546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37,86,143,536,617,668],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,26,159,167,178,204,218,237,278,326,392,400,409,414,421,443,461,482,495,528,540,620,637,641,670,684,722,751],"this":[3,484],"study":[4],"was":[5],"to":[6,14,53,253,270,297,308,322,330,337,345,354,363,427,455,510,514,558,569,589,604,644,656,679,714],"examine":[7],"the":[8,21,35,41,54,58,67,74,82,95,101,111,115,157,181,201,205,275,299,323,327,331,340,346,364,415,419,434,439,441,444,457,462,493,496,533,572,584,592,600,605,638,658,681,694,698,704,708],"relationship":[9],"between":[10,94,660],"IQ":[11,38,76,97,108,118,228,245,259,351,373,385,423],"and":[12,30,48,50,98,119,131,156,387,449,478,549,609,628,662,676,697],"response":[13],"intervention.":[15,68,347],"Thirty":[16],"six":[17],"students":[18,64,72,560,623,689,723],"were":[19,44],"administered":[20],"Woodcock":[22],"Johnson":[23],"III":[24,607,630],"Tests":[25],"Cognitive":[27,122],"Abilities":[28],"(WJIII)":[29],"assigned":[31],"interventions":[32,310,451,642,671,702,736],"based":[33],"on":[34,57,81,100,114],"results.":[36],"scores":[39],"from":[40],"\u201ctested\u2019":[42],"group":[43,77],"grouped":[45],"by":[46,187,526,647,674],"highest":[47],"lowest":[49],"then":[51,577],"compared":[52],"students\u2019":[55,96,112],"outcomes":[56],"standardized":[59,83],"reading":[60,84,102,116,691,720,729,735,741],"assessment":[61,386],"after":[62],"all":[63,413,559],"had":[65],"received":[66],"Results":[69],"indicated":[70,89,106],"that":[71,107,198,431,622,734,747],"in":[73,175,195,200,222,239,263,295,425,474,599,703],"high":[75,650],"performed":[78],"significantly":[79,109],"better":[80],"assessment.":[85,103,117],"results":[87,105,420],"also":[88,230],"a":[90,137,154,176,192,211,219,234,241,254,266,279,349,360,383,393,398,480],"moderate":[91],"positive":[92],"correlation":[93],"performance":[99],"Further,":[104],"predicted":[110],"outcome":[113],"Targeted":[120],"Based":[121],"Tier":[123,545,547,550,552,573,585,593,606,626,629,709],"II":[124,586,594,627,710],"Interventions":[125,653,687],"Chapter":[126],"I:":[127],"Literature":[128],"Review":[129],"Intelligence":[130],"how":[132,359],"it":[133,251,379,471,517],"is":[134,136,147,161,172,229,246,261,284,335,375,380,388,524,554,643],"used":[135,174,185,232,249,262,454,490,525,672],"controversial":[138],"topic":[139],"within":[140,180],"school":[141,182,208,530],"systems.":[142],"question":[144],"of,":[145],"\u201cWhat":[146],"intelligence?\u201d":[148],"has":[149,732],"been":[150],"discussed":[151],"for":[152,688,728],"over":[153],"century":[155],"definition":[158],"intelligence":[160,171,189,213,661],"still":[162,173],"being":[163,602],"debated":[164],"today.":[165],"Regardless":[166],"its":[168],"ambiguous":[169],"nature,":[170],"variety":[177,399,481],"ways":[179],"system.":[183,498],"When":[184],"correctly":[186],"educators,":[188],"can":[190],"be":[191,290,314,447,453,489,715],"valuable":[193],"factor":[194],"making":[196,271],"decisions":[197,273,318,430],"are":[199,319,576,631,654,677,693,725],"best":[202],"interest":[203],"child.":[206,280,328],"Specifically,":[207],"systems":[209,531],"use":[210],"child\u2019s":[212,242,255,258,267,350,372,435],"quotient":[214],"(IQ)":[215],"as":[216,233,390,508,633],"part":[217,391],"comprehensive":[220,394,485],"evaluation":[221],"determining":[223],"placement":[224],"into":[225,492],"special":[226,612],"education.":[227],"sometimes":[231],"vital":[235],"piece":[236],"information":[238],"assessing":[240],"behavior.":[243],"However,":[244],"most":[247,312,376,537,695,699],"often":[248,289],"when":[250,378],"pertains":[252],"academics.":[256],"A":[257,281,302,371,407],"score":[260,352,374],"conjunction":[264],"with":[265,397,690,738],"achievement":[268,646,663,721],"prior":[269,353],"any":[272,317],"about":[274],"educational":[276,324,497],"needs":[277,325],"child":[282,341,361,463],"who":[283,304,565,724],"experiencing":[285],"learning":[286,436,459],"problems":[287],"will":[288,311,342,432,487,596],"given":[291,578],"an":[292,422,503],"academic":[293,309,355,450,634],"intervention":[294,332,356,365],"order":[296,426],"remediate":[298],"specific":[300,458,682],"problem.":[301],"student":[303,445,601],"does":[305],"not":[306,567],"respond":[307,344,568,590],"likely":[313,488,597],"evaluated":[315],"before":[316],"made":[320],"pertaining":[321],"Prior":[329],"no":[333],"evidence":[334],"collected":[336],"determine":[338],"whether":[339],"successfully":[343],"Determining":[348],"may":[357,472,518],"predict":[358],"responds":[362],"(Vellutino,":[366],"Scanlon,":[367],"&":[368,404,467],"Lyon,":[369],"2000).":[370],"effective":[377,717,746],"assessed":[381],"using":[382],"valid":[384],"considered":[389],"screening":[395],"along":[396],"other":[401],"factors":[402],"(Fuchs":[403,664],"Young,":[405,468],"2006).":[406],"team":[408],"educators":[410],"should":[411,446,452],"review":[412],"available":[416],"data,":[417],"including":[418],"test,":[424],"make":[428],"informed":[429],"meet":[433],"need":[437],"Following":[438],"assessment,":[440],"progress":[442],"monitored":[448],"target":[456,680],"weaknesses":[460],"(Fuchs,":[464],"Mock,":[465],"Morgan,":[466],"2003).":[469,667],"Although":[470,516],"come":[473],"many":[475,500,520],"different":[476,521,529],"forms":[477],"have":[479,712,743],"titles;":[483],"process":[486],"well":[491],"future":[494],"Currently,":[499],"states":[501],"employ":[502],"instructional":[504],"delivery":[505],"model":[506],"known":[507,632],"Response":[509,513],"Intervention":[511,515],"(RTI).":[512],"take":[519],"forms,":[522],"RTI":[523,541],"hundreds":[527],"across":[532],"United":[534],"States.":[535],"common":[538,696],"form":[539],"involves":[542],"three":[543],"tiers:":[544],"I,":[546],"II,":[548],"III.":[551],"I":[553,574],"general":[555],"instruction":[556,570,582,621,742],"provided":[557],"at":[561,571,583,591,625,707,718,726,756],"grade":[562],"level.":[563,587],"Students,":[564],"do":[566],"level":[575,595,608,711],"additional,":[579],"more":[580],"specialized":[581,618,649],"Failure":[588],"result":[598],"moved":[603],"possibly":[610],"receiving":[611],"education":[613],"services":[614],"(Brozo,":[615],"2009).":[616],"types":[619,669],"receive":[624],"interventions.":[635],"One":[636],"main":[639],"goals":[640],"increase":[645],"providing":[648],"intensity":[651],"instruction.":[652],"designed":[655,678],"bridge":[657],"gap":[659],"et":[665],"al.,":[666],"vary":[673],"tier":[675],"discrepancies":[683],"each":[685],"student.":[686],"difficulties":[692],"researched.":[700],"Reading":[701],"early":[705],"grades":[706],"proven":[713,744],"extremely":[716],"increasing":[719],"risk":[727],"difficulties.":[730],"Research":[731],"shown":[733],"coupled":[737],"high-quality":[739],"classroom":[740],"so":[745],"less":[748],"than":[749],"2-5%":[750],"first":[752],"graders":[753],"would":[754],"remain":[755]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
