{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124361085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.8.893","title":"Linking Laboratory and Pharmacy","display_name":"Linking Laboratory and Pharmacy","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124361085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.8.893","mag":"2124361085","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12719197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/archinte.163.8.893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.8.893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.8.893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206803","display_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9926","issn":["0003-9926","0730-188X","1538-3679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068708746","display_name":"Gordon D. Schiff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2821-3994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2821-3994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285301757","display_name":"Rush University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7c0b24","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799932517","display_name":"John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County","ror":"https://ror.org/05626m728","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799932517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165673","display_name":"Cook County Health and Hospitals System","ror":"https://ror.org/058gs5s26","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165673"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gordon D. Schiff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Gdschiff@aol.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Gdschiff@aol.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757","https://openalex.org/I2799932517","https://openalex.org/I4210165673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047707235","display_name":"David B. Klass","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Klass","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090773076","display_name":"Josh F. Peterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-0749","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-0749"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josh Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gaurav Shah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036110536","display_name":"David Westfall Bates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-1540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-1540","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-2360","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-156X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7438-9491","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-6039"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David W. Bates","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068708746"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757","https://openalex.org/I2799932517","https://openalex.org/I4210165673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.2018,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":152,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99388691,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"163","issue":"8","first_page":"893","last_page":"893"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.04179999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10496","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-laboratory-information-systems","display_name":"clinical laboratory information systems","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacy-information-systems","display_name":"pharmacy information systems","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-therapy","display_name":"pharmacotherapy","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-dosage","display_name":"drug dosing","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-drug-monitoring","display_name":"therapeutic drug monitoring","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-drug-event-surveillance","display_name":"adverse drug event surveillance","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-order-entry","display_name":"electronic order entry","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support","display_name":"clinical decision support","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-data-integration","display_name":"real-time data integration","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-improvement","display_name":"quality improvement","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.8714914917945862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6458932757377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777288759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164182","display_name":"Dosing","level":2,"score":0.5247997045516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780272996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261151","display_name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","level":3,"score":0.4483569264411926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.37617185711860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.33742865920066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.33464211225509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.33429694175720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.1510847806930542}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002984","descriptor_name":"Clinical Laboratory Information Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004347","descriptor_name":"Drug Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005791","descriptor_name":"Patient Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008498","descriptor_name":"Medical Record Linkage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008508","descriptor_name":"Medication Errors","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011307","descriptor_name":"Drug Prescriptions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011787","descriptor_name":"Quality of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016303","descriptor_name":"Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016903","descriptor_name":"Drug Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018511","descriptor_name":"Systems Integration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019300","descriptor_name":"Medical Errors","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/archinte.163.8.893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.8.893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.8.893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206803","display_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9926","issn":["0003-9926","0730-188X","1538-3679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12719197","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12719197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of internal medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/1000853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Linking+laboratory+and+pharmacy:+opportunities+for+reducing+errors+and+improving+care&title=Archives+of+Internal+Medicine+&volume=163&issue=8&spage=893-900&date=2003-04&au=Schiff,+Gordon+D.;+Klass,+David;+Peterson,+Josh;+Shah,+Gaurav;+Bates,+David+W.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:259417","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1349735439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11552","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","funder_display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50282668","https://openalex.org/W51715101","https://openalex.org/W60308834","https://openalex.org/W73001605","https://openalex.org/W79740885","https://openalex.org/W89549767","https://openalex.org/W99937820","https://openalex.org/W107918988","https://openalex.org/W114291872","https://openalex.org/W222587527","https://openalex.org/W1543923901","https://openalex.org/W1544078625","https://openalex.org/W1583084816","https://openalex.org/W1589243704","https://openalex.org/W1802900720","https://openalex.org/W1822090013","https://openalex.org/W1909482698","https://openalex.org/W1911464264","https://openalex.org/W1959452164","https://openalex.org/W1966793083","https://openalex.org/W1967046159","https://openalex.org/W1967078935","https://openalex.org/W1969388541","https://openalex.org/W1972942750","https://openalex.org/W1973468469","https://openalex.org/W1974211844","https://openalex.org/W1976370950","https://openalex.org/W1985740765","https://openalex.org/W1994940788","https://openalex.org/W1997457194","https://openalex.org/W1998680391","https://openalex.org/W2011542177","https://openalex.org/W2014333270","https://openalex.org/W2020335896","https://openalex.org/W2024641550","https://openalex.org/W2024703109","https://openalex.org/W2030340401","https://openalex.org/W2030447368","https://openalex.org/W2032500304","https://openalex.org/W2042867640","https://openalex.org/W2043738117","https://openalex.org/W2045465655","https://openalex.org/W2049611975","https://openalex.org/W2051842656","https://openalex.org/W2052902126","https://openalex.org/W2060644827","https://openalex.org/W2064686819","https://openalex.org/W2066467884","https://openalex.org/W2072990706","https://openalex.org/W2074665443","https://openalex.org/W2077769512","https://openalex.org/W2080708358","https://openalex.org/W2081335606","https://openalex.org/W2081936161","https://openalex.org/W2082945841","https://openalex.org/W2087002687","https://openalex.org/W2090853347","https://openalex.org/W2092408090","https://openalex.org/W2095818009","https://openalex.org/W2100899314","https://openalex.org/W2105037078","https://openalex.org/W2106604771","https://openalex.org/W2112533187","https://openalex.org/W2115686031","https://openalex.org/W2116615243","https://openalex.org/W2123946565","https://openalex.org/W2124084557","https://openalex.org/W2129262342","https://openalex.org/W2133912907","https://openalex.org/W2135977833","https://openalex.org/W2137409303","https://openalex.org/W2142997978","https://openalex.org/W2147886517","https://openalex.org/W2151774137","https://openalex.org/W2153767046","https://openalex.org/W2155735717","https://openalex.org/W2155757408","https://openalex.org/W2158310507","https://openalex.org/W2161151243","https://openalex.org/W2168465029","https://openalex.org/W2183421610","https://openalex.org/W2209363025","https://openalex.org/W2271850406","https://openalex.org/W2320057743","https://openalex.org/W2321700180","https://openalex.org/W2322165365","https://openalex.org/W2333239610","https://openalex.org/W2340828277","https://openalex.org/W2341721086","https://openalex.org/W2394649817","https://openalex.org/W2394665575","https://openalex.org/W2395548517","https://openalex.org/W2406305027","https://openalex.org/W2407887418","https://openalex.org/W2411214371","https://openalex.org/W2411995743","https://openalex.org/W2418830998","https://openalex.org/W3212023210","https://openalex.org/W4243217122","https://openalex.org/W4251713848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042867640","https://openalex.org/W2318642788","https://openalex.org/W3124070976","https://openalex.org/W1976370950","https://openalex.org/W7117408927","https://openalex.org/W28215020","https://openalex.org/W4297958515","https://openalex.org/W7161307947","https://openalex.org/W2003603530","https://openalex.org/W1967046159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"myriad":[1],"of":[2,11,52,103],"errors":[3],"and":[4,14,36,55,66,94,114,121,126,132,144],"lost":[5],"improvement":[6,70,98],"opportunities":[7],"result":[8,60],"from":[9,24],"failure":[10],"clinical":[12],"laboratory":[13,48,59,95,113],"pharmacy":[15,93,115],"information":[16],"systems":[17],"to":[18,30],"effectively":[19],"communicate.":[20],"Pharmacotherapy":[21],"could":[22,87],"benefit":[23,88],"enhanced":[25],"laboratory-pharmacy":[26],"linkage":[27],"with":[28,64,107],"respect":[29],"(1)":[31],"drug":[32,39],"choice":[33],"(laboratory-based":[34],"indications":[35],"contraindications),":[37],"(2)":[38],"dosing":[40],"(renal":[41],"or":[42,83],"hepatic,":[43],"blood":[44],"level-guided":[45],"adjustments),":[46],"(3)":[47],"monitoring":[49,75],"(laboratory":[50],"signals":[51],"toxicity,":[53,74],"baseline":[54],"ongoing":[56],"monitoring),":[57],"(4)":[58],"interpretation":[61],"(drug":[62],"interfering":[63],"test),":[65],"(5)":[67],"broader":[68],"quality":[69],"(surveillance":[71],"for":[72],"unrecognized":[73],"clinician":[76],"response":[77],"delays).":[78],"Linkages":[79],"can":[80],"be":[81],"retrospective":[82],"real-time.":[84],"Many":[85],"organizations":[86],"now":[89],"by":[90],"linking":[91],"existing":[92],"data.":[96,116],"Greater":[97],"is":[99,148],"possible":[100],"through":[101],"implementation":[102],"electronic":[104],"order":[105],"entry":[106],"real-time":[108],"decision":[109],"support":[110],"incorporating":[111],"linked":[112],"While":[117],"many":[118],"guidelines,":[119],"admonitions,":[120],"rules":[122],"exist":[123],"regarding":[124],"drugs":[125],"the":[127],"laboratory,":[128],"substantial":[129],"new":[130],"knowledge":[131],"evidence":[133],"in":[134],"this":[135],"area":[136],"are":[137],"needed.":[138],"Focusing":[139],"on":[140],"these":[141],"unmet":[142],"needs":[143],"accompanying":[145],"logistical":[146],"challenges":[147],"a":[149],"priority.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}