{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124352017","doi":null,"title":"An International Comparison of Health Care Expenditure Determinants","display_name":"An International Comparison of Health Care Expenditure Determinants","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124352017","mag":"2124352017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cpd:pd2002:c5-1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://econpapers.repec.org/cpd/2002/48_LePen.pdf","pdf_url":"http://econpapers.repec.org/cpd/2002/48_LePen.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021478428","display_name":"Catherine Bac","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Bac","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111991201","display_name":"Yannick Le Pen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yannick Le Pen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-expenditure","display_name":"health care expenditure","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gdp-per-capita","display_name":"GDP per capita","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oecd-countries","display_name":"OECD countries","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cointegration","display_name":"cointegration","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fmols","display_name":"FMOLS","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-ordinary-least-squares","display_name":"DOLS","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparison-of-estimators","display_name":"estimator comparison","score":0.609000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.913011908531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7727559804916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.7016541957855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6694667339324951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107515699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734113","display_name":"Income elasticity of demand","level":2,"score":0.6620671153068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195561663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307899","display_name":"Unit root","level":2,"score":0.5916882157325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.5410875082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5284074544906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4780626595020294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144341231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7887151","display_name":"Unit root test","level":3,"score":0.4497966766357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42875608801841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2656592130661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2130190134048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14297035336494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.08791247010231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.07479062676429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.06670132279396057}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cpd:pd2002:c5-1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://econpapers.repec.org/cpd/2002/48_LePen.pdf","pdf_url":"http://econpapers.repec.org/cpd/2002/48_LePen.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.200.255","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.200.255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://econpapers.hhs.se/cpd/2002/48_LePen.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2124352017","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/cpd/2002/48_LePen.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3121555101","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/cpd/pd2002/c5-1.html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539422778","https://openalex.org/W1555282953","https://openalex.org/W1581042275","https://openalex.org/W1588163064","https://openalex.org/W1974306922","https://openalex.org/W2005013362","https://openalex.org/W2014587538","https://openalex.org/W2017683947","https://openalex.org/W2022939588","https://openalex.org/W2034707435","https://openalex.org/W2049287603","https://openalex.org/W2068151852","https://openalex.org/W2077708760","https://openalex.org/W2085709452","https://openalex.org/W2125331782","https://openalex.org/W2153562738","https://openalex.org/W2156339602","https://openalex.org/W2160146921","https://openalex.org/W3121219962","https://openalex.org/W3123239124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600687633","https://openalex.org/W3121241983","https://openalex.org/W3123546330","https://openalex.org/W2065833371","https://openalex.org/W161405091","https://openalex.org/W2894186093","https://openalex.org/W2161458058","https://openalex.org/W2471071895","https://openalex.org/W2072400600","https://openalex.org/W7065206527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,53,66,69],"estimate":[4],"a":[5,20,93],"health":[6,25,37,84],"care":[7],"demand":[8,21],"function":[9],"for":[10,14,80],"18":[11],"OECD":[12],"countries":[13],"the":[15,33,81],"period":[16],"1972-1995.":[17],"We":[18,39],"consider":[19],"side":[22],"approach":[23],"where":[24],"expenditure":[26,85],"depend":[27],"on":[28],"per":[29],"capita":[30],"GDP":[31],"and":[32,45],"relative":[34],"price":[35],"of":[36,83],"care.":[38],"use":[40],"panel":[41,61],"data":[42,62],"unit":[43],"root":[44],"stationarity":[46],"tests":[47],"to":[48],"characterize":[49],"our":[50,57],"data.":[51],"Then,":[52],"test":[54],"cointegration":[55,63],"between":[56],"variables":[58],"with":[59],"Kao[16]":[60],"tests.":[64],"As":[65],"accept":[67],"cointegration,":[68],"compare":[70],"different":[71],"estimators":[72],"(OLS,":[73],"FMOLS,":[74],"DOLS).":[75],"Results":[76],"give":[77],"conflicting":[78],"evidence":[79],"value":[82,94],"income":[86],"elasticity.":[87],"The":[88],"least":[89],"biased":[90],"estimator":[91],"gives":[92],"that":[95],"exceeds":[96],"unity.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
