{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124332840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12010","title":"Policy Perspectives on National Security and Foreign Policy Decision Making","display_name":"Policy Perspectives on National Security and Foreign Policy Decision Making","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124332840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12010","mag":"2124332840"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/psj.12010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119514724","display_name":"Policy Studies Journal","issn_l":"0190-292X","issn":["0190-292X","1541-0072"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Policy Studies Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3508708","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045117287","display_name":"Steven B. Redd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven B. Redd","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110159255","display_name":"Alex Mintz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Mintz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4050},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.3083,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99142428,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"S1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14465","display_name":"Leadership, Behavior, and Decision-Making Studies","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-policy-decision-making","display_name":"foreign policy decision-making","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security-decision-making","display_name":"national security decision-making","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-models","display_name":"decision models","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-choice-theory","display_name":"rational choice theory","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybernetic-model","display_name":"cybernetic model","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prospect-theory","display_name":"prospect theory","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poliheuristic-theory","display_name":"poliheuristic theory","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bureaucratic-politics","display_name":"bureaucratic politics","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groupthink","display_name":"groupthink","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogical-reasoning","display_name":"analogical reasoning","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-bias","display_name":"decision bias","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-crisis","display_name":"international crisis","score":0.9480000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.7479830384254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.6533202528953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.5677341818809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.5504235029220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115286129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123637","display_name":"Cybernetics","level":2,"score":0.4845820665359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4645189046859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.46416738629341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.45776796340942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.45545074343681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36375443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295774","display_name":"Rational planning model","level":2,"score":0.41319501399993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3418620228767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3273933529853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30940160155296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.20227450132369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16789934039115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/psj.12010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119514724","display_name":"Policy Studies Journal","issn_l":"0190-292X","issn":["0190-292X","1541-0072"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Policy Studies Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3133692178","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3508708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3133692178","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3508708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W534311","https://openalex.org/W74365265","https://openalex.org/W143691615","https://openalex.org/W258607088","https://openalex.org/W641036932","https://openalex.org/W1507165380","https://openalex.org/W1511538051","https://openalex.org/W1539587612","https://openalex.org/W1573656158","https://openalex.org/W1574888260","https://openalex.org/W1580293227","https://openalex.org/W1588179859","https://openalex.org/W1596823862","https://openalex.org/W1604801388","https://openalex.org/W1717520418","https://openalex.org/W1964016729","https://openalex.org/W1973248775","https://openalex.org/W1975859950","https://openalex.org/W1992306049","https://openalex.org/W1992730325","https://openalex.org/W2001398117","https://openalex.org/W2007169789","https://openalex.org/W2007860071","https://openalex.org/W2008216223","https://openalex.org/W2009018459","https://openalex.org/W2014684590","https://openalex.org/W2029165215","https://openalex.org/W2030874315","https://openalex.org/W2039431778","https://openalex.org/W2042052477","https://openalex.org/W2043551924","https://openalex.org/W2046989493","https://openalex.org/W2047156377","https://openalex.org/W2051645922","https://openalex.org/W2053711338","https://openalex.org/W2054170057","https://openalex.org/W2055721458","https://openalex.org/W2058054724","https://openalex.org/W2058733504","https://openalex.org/W2060132999","https://openalex.org/W2074117897","https://openalex.org/W2075957626","https://openalex.org/W2077036511","https://openalex.org/W2078930525","https://openalex.org/W2079071312","https://openalex.org/W2082824601","https://openalex.org/W2083382722","https://openalex.org/W2090933055","https://openalex.org/W2096452841","https://openalex.org/W2096604669","https://openalex.org/W2099086835","https://openalex.org/W2106333595","https://openalex.org/W2107110240","https://openalex.org/W2109312871","https://openalex.org/W2112675413","https://openalex.org/W2113563668","https://openalex.org/W2113607642","https://openalex.org/W2121383696","https://openalex.org/W2124871592","https://openalex.org/W2129296583","https://openalex.org/W2133469585","https://openalex.org/W2146722167","https://openalex.org/W2148962857","https://openalex.org/W2151958815","https://openalex.org/W2152154847","https://openalex.org/W2158441614","https://openalex.org/W2160145019","https://openalex.org/W2161648594","https://openalex.org/W2165893637","https://openalex.org/W2255922874","https://openalex.org/W2285323551","https://openalex.org/W2312305304","https://openalex.org/W2314588091","https://openalex.org/W2316040802","https://openalex.org/W2317995021","https://openalex.org/W2319430863","https://openalex.org/W2319660403","https://openalex.org/W2320120523","https://openalex.org/W2320292744","https://openalex.org/W2320411823","https://openalex.org/W2321906466","https://openalex.org/W2322848616","https://openalex.org/W2324930647","https://openalex.org/W2328058490","https://openalex.org/W2329799020","https://openalex.org/W2332226496","https://openalex.org/W2333956019","https://openalex.org/W2334309722","https://openalex.org/W2334999567","https://openalex.org/W2461418375","https://openalex.org/W2463492507","https://openalex.org/W2467581644","https://openalex.org/W2597241092","https://openalex.org/W2796607413","https://openalex.org/W2895552032","https://openalex.org/W2992727901","https://openalex.org/W2994575062","https://openalex.org/W3011865677","https://openalex.org/W3023695158","https://openalex.org/W3123340585","https://openalex.org/W4229657085","https://openalex.org/W4229988606","https://openalex.org/W4238531563","https://openalex.org/W4245409838","https://openalex.org/W4249526272","https://openalex.org/W4251252946","https://openalex.org/W4252311371","https://openalex.org/W4253871881","https://openalex.org/W4298240084","https://openalex.org/W4298844858","https://openalex.org/W4299491888","https://openalex.org/W4300272099","https://openalex.org/W4300830951","https://openalex.org/W4301958211","https://openalex.org/W4303111115","https://openalex.org/W4388064420","https://openalex.org/W4389658588","https://openalex.org/W6635659046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3203557209","https://openalex.org/W2765218709","https://openalex.org/W3111666003","https://openalex.org/W821210017","https://openalex.org/W2469821413","https://openalex.org/W2623383164","https://openalex.org/W2048391176","https://openalex.org/W7010674794","https://openalex.org/W2779046866","https://openalex.org/W2007860071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"reviews":[2],"major":[3],"decision\u2010making":[4],"models":[5,19,36],"with":[6],"an":[7],"emphasis":[8],"on":[9,16,57],"basic":[10],"theoretical":[11],"perspectives":[12],"as":[13,15,76],"well":[14],"how":[17,34],"these":[18,35],"explain":[20],"foreign":[21,64],"policy":[22,65],"decision":[23,107],"making":[24],"and":[25,27,66,87,91,93,101],"national":[26,67],"international":[28,44],"security":[29,68],"decisions.":[30,69],"Furthermore,":[31],"we":[32,50,72],"examine":[33],"have":[37,73],"been":[38],"utilized":[39],"in":[40,106],"explanations":[41],"of":[42,59,104],"various":[43],"crises.":[45],"Specifically,":[46],"for":[47],"each":[48],"model,":[49,81],"present":[51],"examples":[52],"drawn":[53],"from":[54],"the":[55,60,102],"literature":[56],"applications":[58],"respective":[61],"model":[62],"to":[63],"The":[70],"theories":[71],"reviewed":[74],"are":[75],"follows:":[77],"rational":[78],"choice,":[79],"cybernetic":[80],"prospect":[82],"theory,":[83,85],"poliheuristic":[84],"organizational":[86],"bureaucratic":[88],"politics,":[89],"groupthink":[90],"polythink,":[92],"analogical":[94],"reasoning.":[95],"We":[96],"also":[97],"review":[98],"theAppliedDecisionAnalysis":[99],"method,":[100],"concept":[103],"biases":[105],"making.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}