{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124206566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2011.0015","title":"1CROSS + 3NAILS = 4GVN: Compulsory Christianity and Homosexuality in the Bible Belt Panopticon","display_name":"1CROSS + 3NAILS = 4GVN: Compulsory Christianity and Homosexuality in the Bible Belt Panopticon","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124206566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2011.0015","mag":"2124206566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/ff.2011.0015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2011.0015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2011.0015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184386","display_name":"NWSA Journal","issn_l":"1040-0656","issn":["1040-0656","1527-1889","2151-7363","2151-7371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Feminist Formations","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026771040","display_name":"Bernadette Barton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bernadette Barton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026771040"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79877224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"70","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.5874000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.5874000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":0.31450000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11507","display_name":"Religion and Society Interactions","score":0.052799999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homosexuality","display_name":"homosexuality","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bible-belt","display_name":"Bible Belt","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panopticon","display_name":"panopticon","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homophobia","display_name":"homophobia","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religiosity","display_name":"religiosity","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-united-states","display_name":"Southern United States","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-town-life","display_name":"small-town life","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-identity","display_name":"sexual identity","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gay-men-and-lesbians","display_name":"gay and lesbian people","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-discrimination","display_name":"employment discrimination","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-partner-benefits","display_name":"domestic partner benefits","score":0.7900000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138569888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828310","display_name":"Panopticon","level":3,"score":0.8977700471878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779793952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553701","display_name":"Religiosity","level":2,"score":0.7393645644187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776001192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6636","display_name":"Homosexuality","level":2,"score":0.7114261984825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551968917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5043","display_name":"Christianity","level":2,"score":0.6580823659896851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53813258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154136","display_name":"Human sexuality","level":2,"score":0.6207870841026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778036376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1115221","display_name":"Mores","level":3,"score":0.5804762840270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.56182461977005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.5583509802818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179454799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132151","display_name":"Ethnography","level":2,"score":0.4781271517276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.41684046387672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3163185119628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.30698761343955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.2525300085544586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24667770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187","display_name":"Religious studies","level":1,"score":0.19941985607147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.135557621717453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.11506202816963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.09805542230606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08947136998176575}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/ff.2011.0015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2011.0015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2011.0015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184386","display_name":"NWSA Journal","issn_l":"1040-0656","issn":["1040-0656","1527-1889","2151-7363","2151-7371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Feminist Formations","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/429860","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/429860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu:msu_faculty_research-1343","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/429860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196632","display_name":"ScholarWorks - MoreheadState (Morehead State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I44206873","host_organization_name":"Morehead State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44206873"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Research at Morehead State University","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W346861200","https://openalex.org/W393191791","https://openalex.org/W560227325","https://openalex.org/W572837241","https://openalex.org/W580640486","https://openalex.org/W596711626","https://openalex.org/W629245401","https://openalex.org/W648723794","https://openalex.org/W651734501","https://openalex.org/W1493676595","https://openalex.org/W1528982594","https://openalex.org/W1553286440","https://openalex.org/W1572902688","https://openalex.org/W1582770597","https://openalex.org/W1590776345","https://openalex.org/W1606556703","https://openalex.org/W1862619413","https://openalex.org/W1980151999","https://openalex.org/W1985801064","https://openalex.org/W1992350820","https://openalex.org/W1995938991","https://openalex.org/W2005061283","https://openalex.org/W2016634442","https://openalex.org/W2018734148","https://openalex.org/W2036612262","https://openalex.org/W2047687734","https://openalex.org/W2050444442","https://openalex.org/W2057754765","https://openalex.org/W2068717128","https://openalex.org/W2071435347","https://openalex.org/W2075350921","https://openalex.org/W2076609171","https://openalex.org/W2084436706","https://openalex.org/W2118882740","https://openalex.org/W2131034633","https://openalex.org/W2145587281","https://openalex.org/W2150819956","https://openalex.org/W2154460522","https://openalex.org/W2319009176","https://openalex.org/W2323247121","https://openalex.org/W2332086916","https://openalex.org/W2333355282","https://openalex.org/W2505421126","https://openalex.org/W2601823218","https://openalex.org/W2798617473","https://openalex.org/W2889380254","https://openalex.org/W2924163743","https://openalex.org/W2943980596","https://openalex.org/W2971048285","https://openalex.org/W2998800970","https://openalex.org/W3139415705","https://openalex.org/W3200543839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285671451","https://openalex.org/W634522303","https://openalex.org/W2068717128","https://openalex.org/W2937716942","https://openalex.org/W4235002710","https://openalex.org/W4247588515","https://openalex.org/W2519637507","https://openalex.org/W3167084273","https://openalex.org/W2903856707","https://openalex.org/W7115576342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"some":[1],"areas":[2],"of":[3,41,46,71,130],"the":[4,47,105,107,110,121],"United":[5],"States":[6],"have":[7],"made":[8],"progress":[9],"in":[10,43],"securing":[11],"rights":[12],"for":[13,50,61],"gay":[14,33,102],"people,":[15],"Bible":[16,48,122],"Belt":[17,49,80,123],"states":[18,25],"lag":[19],"behind.":[20],"Not":[21],"only":[22],"do":[23],"these":[24],"lack":[26],"domestic-partner":[27],"benefits,":[28],"but":[29],"also":[30],"lesbians":[31,100],"and":[32,69,86,93,101,115],"men":[34,103],"can":[35],"still":[36],"be":[37],"fired":[38],"from":[39,95,104],"places":[40],"employment":[42],"many":[44],"regions":[45],"being":[51],"a":[52,78],"homosexual.":[53],"The":[54],"article":[55,108],"argues":[56],"that":[57,65],"regional":[58],"social":[59],"mores":[60],"small-town":[62],"life,":[63],"rules":[64],"govern":[66],"southern":[67],"manners,":[68],"expectations":[70],"submission":[72],"to":[73,82,118,126],"Christian":[74],"institutions":[75],"function":[76],"as":[77],"\"Bible":[79],"panopticon\"":[81],"perpetuate":[83],"both":[84],"passive":[85],"active":[87],"homophobia.":[88],"Drawing":[89],"on":[90],"ethnographic":[91],"fieldwork":[92],"excerpts":[94],"in-depth":[96],"audiotaped":[97],"interviews":[98],"with":[99],"region,":[106,114],"explores":[109],"intersections":[111],"among":[112],"religiosity,":[113],"sexual":[116],"identity":[117],"theorize":[119],"how":[120],"panopticon":[124],"operates":[125],"create":[127],"an":[128],"environment":[129],"compulsory":[131],"Christianity.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
