{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124199378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(91)90565-m","title":"GaAs/GaAlAs surface emitting IR LED with Bragg reflector grown by MOCVD","display_name":"GaAs/GaAlAs surface emitting IR LED with Bragg reflector grown by MOCVD","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124199378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(91)90565-m","mag":"2124199378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0022-0248(91)90565-m","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(91)90565-m","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(91)90565-m","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10719676","display_name":"Journal of Crystal Growth","issn_l":"0022-0248","issn":["0022-0248","1873-5002"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Crystal Growth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077342395","display_name":"Toshihiro Kato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-5405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-5405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159314","display_name":"Daido Steel (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa63r36","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Kato","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015751050","display_name":"Hiromoto Susawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159314","display_name":"Daido Steel (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa63r36","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Susawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004606377","display_name":"Masumi Hirotani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159314","display_name":"Daido Steel (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa63r36","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Hirotani","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051790992","display_name":"Takashi Saka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159314","display_name":"Daido Steel (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa63r36","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Saka","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044597643","display_name":"Y. Ohashi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159314","display_name":"Daido Steel (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa63r36","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Ohashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076717962","display_name":"Eiichi Shichi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159314","display_name":"Daido Steel (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa63r36","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Shichi","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111511286","display_name":"S. Shibata","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159314","display_name":"Daido Steel (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa63r36","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Shibata","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Materials Research Laboratory, Daido Steel Co. Ltd., 2\u201330, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159314"],"apc_list":{"value":3110,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3110},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4809,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94745621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"107","issue":"1-4","first_page":"832","last_page":"835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.017500000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12309","display_name":"solar cell performance optimization","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-leds","display_name":"infrared LEDs","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaas-algaas","display_name":"GaAs/AlGaAs","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-bragg-reflector","display_name":"distributed Bragg reflector","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-heterostructure","display_name":"double heterostructure","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-organic-chemical-vapor-deposition","display_name":"metalorganic chemical vapor deposition","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-quantum-efficiency","display_name":"external quantum efficiency","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antireflection-coatings","display_name":"antireflection coatings","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-interference","display_name":"optical interference","score":0.5270000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34082928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108160","display_name":"Distributed Bragg reflector","level":3,"score":0.9249363541603088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175665537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1924991","display_name":"Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy","level":4,"score":0.8002190589904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6435266733169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.618781328201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57410435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505668","display_name":"Chemical vapor deposition","level":2,"score":0.5698148012161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79794668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616270","display_name":"Heterojunction","level":2,"score":0.5549512505531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5423226952552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39693636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847354","display_name":"Bragg's law","level":3,"score":0.5256339907646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36456112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288064","display_name":"Cladding (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.5216549038887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778415886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1823435","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","level":3,"score":0.5165494680404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.41111963987350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110738630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135540","display_name":"Epitaxy","level":3,"score":0.2326047122478485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.11206281185150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.07141849398612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.060383737087249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982854487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9128","display_name":"Light source","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0022-0248(91)90565-m","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(91)90565-m","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(91)90565-m","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10719676","display_name":"Journal of Crystal Growth","issn_l":"0022-0248","issn":["0022-0248","1873-5002"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Crystal Growth","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1666853924","https://openalex.org/W2005426830","https://openalex.org/W2093435275","https://openalex.org/W2164280110","https://openalex.org/W3127048131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067025733","https://openalex.org/W4392740734","https://openalex.org/W7146357195","https://openalex.org/W2093435275","https://openalex.org/W1972722983","https://openalex.org/W2073853166","https://openalex.org/W2014694033","https://openalex.org/W2470061714","https://openalex.org/W2210612725","https://openalex.org/W1036921454"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
