{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124193628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.26.2.89","title":"Disability, gene therapy and eugenics - a challenge to John Harris","display_name":"Disability, gene therapy and eugenics - a challenge to John Harris","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124193628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.26.2.89","mag":"2124193628","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10786317","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1733180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jme.26.2.89","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.26.2.89","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.26.2.89","pdf_url":"https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/26/2/89.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70185877","display_name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","issn_l":"0306-6800","issn":["0306-6800","1473-4257"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/26/2/89.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003491014","display_name":"Solveig Magnus Reindal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0855-7570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0855-7570"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Solveig Magnus Reindal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003491014"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.5817,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99427033,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"89","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11003","display_name":"Disability Rights and Representation","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11003","display_name":"Disability Rights and Representation","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.037300001829862595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability","display_name":"disability","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-therapy","display_name":"gene therapy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenics","display_name":"eugenics","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/john-harris","display_name":"John Harris","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-model-of-disability","display_name":"medical model of disability","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-model-of-disability","display_name":"individual model of disability","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-determinism","display_name":"biological determinism","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-tragedy","display_name":"personal tragedy","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impairment","display_name":"impairment","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disablement","display_name":"disablement","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethics-of-gene-therapy","display_name":"ethics of gene therapy","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-theory","display_name":"disability theory","score":0.7599999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140610115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170480","display_name":"Eugenics","level":2,"score":0.956846296787262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172399796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916614","display_name":"Medical model of disability","level":2,"score":0.6818221807479858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776810005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627208","display_name":"Disability studies","level":2,"score":0.5946590900421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192183473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131133","display_name":"Determinism","level":2,"score":0.46346205472946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832608","display_name":"Tragedy (event)","level":2,"score":0.4394031763076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4080613851547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4068557620048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.379853218793869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2496218979358673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2120729386806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.19917640089988708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13735058903694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.10134753584861755}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000130","descriptor_name":"Achondroplasia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000130","descriptor_name":"Achondroplasia","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005053","descriptor_name":"Eugenics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005824","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Behavioral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Persons with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006262","descriptor_name":"Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006302","descriptor_name":"Health Services Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009014","descriptor_name":"Morals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015316","descriptor_name":"Genetic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D026684","descriptor_name":"Personal Autonomy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026712","descriptor_name":"Value of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030342","descriptor_name":"Genetic Diseases, Inborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033141","descriptor_name":"Genetic Determinism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/jme.26.2.89","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.26.2.89","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.26.2.89","pdf_url":"https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/26/2/89.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70185877","display_name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","issn_l":"0306-6800","issn":["0306-6800","1473-4257"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1733180","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1733180","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1733180/pdf/v026p00089.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Med Ethics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:10786317","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10786317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of medical ethics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/510680","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/510680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"216736","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/760118","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/760118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BRL:MEDKIE/20248041","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jme.26.2.89","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.26.2.89","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.26.2.89","pdf_url":"https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/26/2/89.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70185877","display_name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","issn_l":"0306-6800","issn":["0306-6800","1473-4257"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124193628.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124193628.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105606201","https://openalex.org/W1999078176","https://openalex.org/W2020781576","https://openalex.org/W2098543427","https://openalex.org/W2143066243","https://openalex.org/W2171508442","https://openalex.org/W2187481260","https://openalex.org/W2308898932","https://openalex.org/W2996221910","https://openalex.org/W4213110784","https://openalex.org/W7046827259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247488682","https://openalex.org/W7099387793","https://openalex.org/W2136124211","https://openalex.org/W7099706259","https://openalex.org/W4410184535","https://openalex.org/W2973270935","https://openalex.org/W7034991208","https://openalex.org/W4311469451","https://openalex.org/W7034539345","https://openalex.org/W3124158599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"challenges":[2],"the":[3,49,74,96],"view":[4,55,105],"of":[5,18,26,33,42,84,102,106],"disability":[6,27,36,52,85,107,128],"presented":[7],"by":[8],"Harris":[9],"in":[10,48,95,115],"his":[11,24],"article,":[12],"\"Is":[13],"gene":[14,124],"therapy":[15,125],"a":[16,40,87,92,104],"form":[17],"eugenics?\"":[19],"It":[20],"is":[21,37,56,112],"argued":[22,113],"that":[23,114],"definition":[25],"rests":[28],"on":[29,123],"an":[30,119],"individual":[31,82,97],"model":[32,83],"disability,":[34],"where":[35],"regarded":[38],"as":[39],"product":[41],"biological":[43],"determinism":[44],"or":[45],"\"personal":[46],"tragedy\"":[47],"individual.":[50],"Within":[51],"theory":[53],"this":[54],"often":[57],"called":[58],"\"the":[59],"medical":[60],"model\"":[61],"and":[62,98,110],"it":[63,111],"has":[64],"been":[65],"criticised":[66],"for":[67],"not":[68],"being":[69],"able":[70],"to":[71,117,131],"deal":[72],"with":[73,79],"term":[75],"\"disability\",":[76],"but":[77],"only":[78],"impairment.":[80],"The":[81,100],"presupposes":[86],"necessary":[88],"causal":[89],"link":[90],"between":[91],"certain":[93],"condition":[94],"disablement.":[99],"shortcomings":[101],"such":[103],"are":[108],"stated":[109],"order":[116],"have":[118],"adequate":[120],"ethical":[121],"discourse":[122],"perspectives":[126],"from":[127],"research":[129],"need":[130],"be":[132],"taken":[133],"into":[134],"consideration.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}