{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124167618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01472.x","title":"EXPERIMENTER BIAS AND SUBLIMINAL PERCEPTION","display_name":"EXPERIMENTER BIAS AND SUBLIMINAL PERCEPTION","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124167618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01472.x","mag":"2124167618","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1182403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01472.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01472.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01472.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179213746","display_name":"British Journal of Psychology","issn_l":"0007-1269","issn":["0007-1269","2044-8295"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110174868","display_name":"PAUL J. BARBER","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-9659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-9659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PAUL J. BARBER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birkbeck College, University of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birkbeck College, University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109146668","display_name":"J. Philippe Rushton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. PHILIPPE RUSHTON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada","London School of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90310005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"3","first_page":"357","last_page":"372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13841","display_name":"Psychology of Social Influence","score":0.3109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13841","display_name":"Psychology of Social Influence","score":0.3109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12448","display_name":"Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs","score":0.2029000073671341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12035","display_name":"Pain Management and Placebo Effect","score":0.07320000231266022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subliminal-perception","display_name":"subliminal perception","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/researcher-bias","display_name":"researcher bias","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"replication","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-test","display_name":"blind test","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimenter-effects","display_name":"experimenter effects","score":0.6710000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151496658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310661","display_name":"Subliminal stimuli","level":2,"score":0.9918233156204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8013339042663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.7833657264709473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.7456393241882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5596204996109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490535","display_name":"Response bias","level":2,"score":0.5283768177032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49330034852027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.41166627407073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.06860277056694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003463","descriptor_name":"Cues","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011582","descriptor_name":"Psychological Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013360","descriptor_name":"Subliminal Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01472.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01472.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01472.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179213746","display_name":"British Journal of Psychology","issn_l":"0007-1269","issn":["0007-1269","2044-8295"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1182403","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1182403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044634302","https://openalex.org/W1970074461","https://openalex.org/W642592214","https://openalex.org/W290144420","https://openalex.org/W2014534556","https://openalex.org/W2074328517","https://openalex.org/W2514871134","https://openalex.org/W2081469070","https://openalex.org/W2912871137","https://openalex.org/W7128208107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0,84],"has":[1],"been":[2],"suggested":[3],"that":[4,19,87],"subliminal":[5,24,45,67,79],"perception":[6,25,46,68,80],"phenomena":[7],"may":[8],"be":[9,102],"in":[10,104],"part":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,101],"experimenter":[14,57,63,89],"bias":[15,64,90],"effects.":[16],"Two":[17],"studies":[18],"obtained":[20],"positive":[21],"evidence":[22,60],"of":[23,55,66,78,107],"were":[26,51],"therefore":[27],"replicated":[28],"with":[29],"experimenters":[30],"tested":[31],"under":[32],"blind":[33,36],"and":[34,94],"not":[35,70],"conditions.":[37],"There":[38],"was":[39,69],"only":[40],"marginal":[41],"support":[42],"for":[43,61,74,99],"the":[44,59,62,88,105],"hypothesis":[47,91],"and,":[48],"although":[49],"there":[50],"fairly":[52],"clear":[53],"indications":[54],"diffuse":[56],"effects,":[58],"explanation":[65],"strong.":[71],"The":[72],"need":[73],"more":[75],"extensive":[76],"replications":[77],"researches":[81],"is":[82,85,97],"noted.":[83],"argued":[86],"lacks":[92],"detail":[93],"generality;":[95],"it":[96,100],"essential":[98],"examined":[103],"context":[106],"theoretically":[108],"substantial":[109],"issues.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
