{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124117751","doi":null,"title":"Preliminary investigation of the Matjhabeng, a Pliocene fossil locality in the Free State of South Africa","display_name":"Preliminary investigation of the Matjhabeng, a Pliocene fossil locality in the Free State of South Africa","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124117751","mag":"2124117751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.943.5354","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.943.5354","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/13821/2010.v.45.DE_RUITER_ET_AL_Investigation_of_Matjhabeng.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D0BA6D933C4C04E73241BB6F57B8744A6?sequence%3D1","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062252170","display_name":"Darryl J. de Ruiter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-0352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-0352"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darryl J. de Ruiter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-0352","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044805568","display_name":"Juliet K. Brophy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8448-6439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8448-6439"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juliet K. Brophy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8448-6439","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022367404","display_name":"Patrick J. Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-5603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-5603"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick J. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-5603","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079330012","display_name":"Alicia M. Kennedy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alicia M. Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047433735","display_name":"Thomas A. Stidham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-0041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-0041"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A. Stidham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-0041","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089899824","display_name":"Keely B. Carlson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keely B. Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049480606","display_name":"Philip John Hancox","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip John Hancox","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3876,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55848998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.8939999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.8939999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.09730000048875809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10955","display_name":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pliocene","display_name":"Pliocene","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zanclean","display_name":"Early Pliocene","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-vertebrates","display_name":"fossil vertebrates","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macromammals","display_name":"macromammals","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proboscidea","display_name":"Proboscidea","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perissodactyls","display_name":"perissodactyls","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artiodactyla","display_name":"Artiodactyla","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/langebaanweg","display_name":"Langebaanweg","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/makapansgat","display_name":"Makapansgat","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/river-deposits","display_name":"river deposits","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-africa","display_name":"Southern Africa","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleoenvironment","display_name":"paleoenvironment","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassland-expansion","display_name":"grassland expansion","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stable-isotopes","display_name":"stable isotopes","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-state","display_name":"Free State","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125471540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104021","display_name":"Fauna","level":2,"score":0.8322213888168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6440560817718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71640776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16521","display_name":"Taxon","level":2,"score":0.6069294214248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778234026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7377","display_name":"Mammal","level":2,"score":0.5826860666275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5459370613098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118886033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438230","display_name":"Faunal assemblage","level":3,"score":0.5321715474128723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777461261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1973416","display_name":"Type locality","level":3,"score":0.5247911810874939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.5038143992424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.44521456956863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42101868987083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.41737446188926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1595247983932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.0820794403553009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.943.5354","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.943.5354","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/13821/2010.v.45.DE_RUITER_ET_AL_Investigation_of_Matjhabeng.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D0BA6D933C4C04E73241BB6F57B8744A6?sequence%3D1","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wiredspace.wits.ac.za:10539/13821","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net10539/13821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400603","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","host_organization_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:2124117751","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/10539/13821/1/2010.v.45.DE_RUITER_ET_AL_Investigation_of_Matjhabeng.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113379176","https://openalex.org/W376238024","https://openalex.org/W589607060","https://openalex.org/W616678663","https://openalex.org/W1485210752","https://openalex.org/W1502578532","https://openalex.org/W1530663570","https://openalex.org/W1566332318","https://openalex.org/W1597925348","https://openalex.org/W1675802314","https://openalex.org/W1965754969","https://openalex.org/W1971001162","https://openalex.org/W1972864325","https://openalex.org/W1974259877","https://openalex.org/W1977616472","https://openalex.org/W1981378865","https://openalex.org/W1987857371","https://openalex.org/W1990734224","https://openalex.org/W1991833272","https://openalex.org/W1993065263","https://openalex.org/W2004870462","https://openalex.org/W2008862486","https://openalex.org/W2014467477","https://openalex.org/W2026309649","https://openalex.org/W2027162942","https://openalex.org/W2031034527","https://openalex.org/W2034882215","https://openalex.org/W2036887504","https://openalex.org/W2041559952","https://openalex.org/W2042159695","https://openalex.org/W2058384507","https://openalex.org/W2062978691","https://openalex.org/W2070896561","https://openalex.org/W2072450229","https://openalex.org/W2073859880","https://openalex.org/W2084637881","https://openalex.org/W2086255993","https://openalex.org/W2087629674","https://openalex.org/W2090055922","https://openalex.org/W2095140565","https://openalex.org/W2104347869","https://openalex.org/W2107953759","https://openalex.org/W2119640985","https://openalex.org/W2130620524","https://openalex.org/W2142396617","https://openalex.org/W2163583099","https://openalex.org/W2173369079","https://openalex.org/W2188528493","https://openalex.org/W2224908293","https://openalex.org/W2231797158","https://openalex.org/W2232757070","https://openalex.org/W2257532296","https://openalex.org/W2264835681","https://openalex.org/W2272692657","https://openalex.org/W2275474401","https://openalex.org/W2292143126","https://openalex.org/W2306933400","https://openalex.org/W2409307377","https://openalex.org/W2464417523","https://openalex.org/W2475872498","https://openalex.org/W2495077849","https://openalex.org/W2508070179","https://openalex.org/W2730673260","https://openalex.org/W2734550934","https://openalex.org/W2795976792","https://openalex.org/W2797277520","https://openalex.org/W2797928949","https://openalex.org/W2933984194","https://openalex.org/W2950999925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W140016055","https://openalex.org/W2808408890","https://openalex.org/W1970315142","https://openalex.org/W7065425158","https://openalex.org/W2174222489","https://openalex.org/W4253943219","https://openalex.org/W2082970311","https://openalex.org/W6968302900","https://openalex.org/W2904557273","https://openalex.org/W2471309574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"early":[1,46,87],"Pliocene":[2,49,73,88,135],"is":[3,35],"a":[4,38,60,81,113,152],"relatively":[5],"poorly":[6],"understood":[7],"period":[8],"in":[9,63,71,96,137,165,208,241],"southern":[10,75,142,209],"Africa.":[11,76,102,143,210],"Fossil":[12],"deposits":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15,92],"Langebaanweg":[16,56],"(c.":[17,22],"5.0":[18],"Ma)":[19,24],"and":[20,29,33,47,57,69,115,126,161,177,203,221,257],"Makapansgat":[21,58],"2.5":[23],"have":[25,150,195],"each":[26],"produced":[27],"large":[28],"well-documented":[30],"faunal":[31,67],"assemblages,":[32],"it":[34],"clear":[36],"that":[37,155,253],"significant":[39,61,255],"turnover":[40],"of":[41,66,74,83,100,107,141,147,174,212,229,238,249],"fauna":[42,154],"occurred":[43],"between":[44,55,118],"the":[45,52,72,97,119,124,131,138,186,200,204,213,226,235],"late":[48],"respectively.":[50],"However,":[51],"temporal":[53,114],"separation":[54],"represents":[59,112,130],"gap":[62],"our":[64],"knowledge":[65],"composition":[68],"evolution":[70],"In":[77,192],"2007":[78],"we":[79,149,194],"began":[80],"programme":[82],"excavation":[84],"at":[85],"an":[86,104,172,250],"locality":[89,136],"referred":[90],"to":[91,123,169,190],"Matjhabeng":[93,216],"(formerly":[94],"Virginia)":[95],"Free":[98],"State":[99],"South":[101,242],"With":[103],"estimated":[105],"age":[106],"4.0\u20133.5":[108],"Ma,":[109],"this":[110,230],"site":[111],"geographic":[116],"intermediate":[117,227],"better":[120],"known":[121],"sites":[122],"north":[125],"south.":[127],"It":[128],"also":[129],"only":[132],"well-documented,":[133],"river-deposited":[134],"central":[139],"interior":[140],"After":[144],"three":[145],"years":[146],"excavation,":[148],"recovered":[151,189],"diverse":[153],"includes":[156],"fish,":[157],"amphibians,":[158],"reptiles,":[159],"birds":[160],"mammals.":[162],"Mammals":[163],"range":[164],"size":[166],"from":[167,215],"rodents":[168],"mammoths,":[170],"including":[171,199],"array":[173],"proboscideans,":[175],"perissodactyls":[176],"artiodactyls,":[178],"alongside":[179],"rare":[180],"carnivores.":[181],"We":[182],"report":[183],"here":[184],"on":[185],"macromammalian":[187],"assemblage":[188],"date.":[191],"total,":[193],"recognized":[196],"29":[197],"taxa,":[198],"oldest":[201,205],"Ancylotherium":[202],"Megalotragus":[206],"fossils":[207],"Some":[211],"taxa":[214],"are":[217],"shared":[218],"with":[219,223],"Langebaanweg,":[220],"others":[222],"Makapansgat,":[224],"confirming":[225],"status":[228],"locality.":[231],"Isotopic":[232],"analysis":[233],"reveals":[234],"earliest":[236],"indication":[237],"extensive":[239],"grasslands":[240,246],"Africa,":[243],"though":[244],"these":[245],"were":[247],"part":[248],"environmental":[251],"mosaic":[252],"included":[254],"woodland,":[256],"probable":[258],"wetland,":[259],"components.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
