{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124052984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/642611.642703","title":"The impact of avatar realism and eye gaze control on perceived quality of communication in a shared immersive virtual environment","display_name":"The impact of avatar realism and eye gaze control on perceived quality of communication in a shared immersive virtual environment","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124052984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/642611.642703","mag":"2124052984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/642611.642703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/642611.642703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/642611.642703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607743","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060944284","display_name":"Maia Garau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maia Garau","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073802250","display_name":"Mel Slater","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-0050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-0050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mel Slater","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084520136","display_name":"Vinoba Vinayagamoorthy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinoba Vinayagamoorthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076075733","display_name":"Andrea Brogni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-8160","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-8160"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Brogni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071447827","display_name":"Anthony J. Steed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-3020","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-3020"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Steed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108226584","display_name":"Martina Angela Sasse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-5505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-5505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Angela Sasse","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":441,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98530721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"529","last_page":"536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.1031000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar-realism","display_name":"avatar realism","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-gaze-control","display_name":"eye gaze control","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-realism","display_name":"visual realism","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-realism","display_name":"behavioral realism","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-communication","display_name":"virtual communication","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-communication","display_name":"nonverbal communication","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.9471679329872131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.883181095123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543847140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642826","display_name":"Realism","level":2,"score":0.5908209085464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5840497016906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5652321577072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5533362627029419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5347816944122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4305742681026459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.42546746134757996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3283102512359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3108859956264496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.09033870697021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.07516133785247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/642611.642703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/642611.642703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/642611.642703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607743","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.4.2017","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.4.2017","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/m.garau/papers/garau_realism.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.461.8092","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.461.8092","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/V.Vinayagamoorthy/pdf/CHI2003.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:13446","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/13446/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. (pp. 529 - 536). (2003)","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332697","display_name":"University of Illinois at Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167914120","https://openalex.org/W216945601","https://openalex.org/W1563178652","https://openalex.org/W1587619287","https://openalex.org/W1637059000","https://openalex.org/W1975645917","https://openalex.org/W1985479696","https://openalex.org/W1988023718","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W2064925572","https://openalex.org/W2065589549","https://openalex.org/W2079638262","https://openalex.org/W2083186017","https://openalex.org/W2093948066","https://openalex.org/W2114528521","https://openalex.org/W2129162329","https://openalex.org/W2134067287","https://openalex.org/W2150101391","https://openalex.org/W2156885885","https://openalex.org/W2161196887","https://openalex.org/W2341733275","https://openalex.org/W2965385724","https://openalex.org/W6633688730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971255755","https://openalex.org/W7095986438","https://openalex.org/W4409884127","https://openalex.org/W3121159911","https://openalex.org/W2889390166","https://openalex.org/W7098096154","https://openalex.org/W802540131","https://openalex.org/W7095473813","https://openalex.org/W7097823795","https://openalex.org/W4387374497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,23],"experiment":[4],"designed":[5],"to":[6,36,87,119],"investigate":[7],"the":[8,52,60,120,140],"impact":[9],"of":[10,20,59,91,97,142],"visual":[11,57,144],"and":[12,32,65,74,136,145],"behavioral":[13,92,146],"realism":[14,147],"in":[15,22,51],"avatars":[16,61],"on":[17],"perceived":[18],"quality":[19],"communication":[21],"immersive":[24],"virtual":[25],"environment.":[26,55],"Participants":[27],"were":[28,33,45],"paired":[29],"by":[30,47,126],"gender":[31],"randomly":[34],"assigned":[35],"a":[37,41,48,68,130],"CAVE\u2018-like":[38],"system":[39],"or":[40,71,83],"head-mounted":[42],"display.":[43],"Both":[44],"represented":[46],"humanoid":[49],"avatar":[50,122,150],"shared":[53],"3D":[54],"The":[56],"appearance":[58,135],"was":[62,80],"either":[63,81],"basic":[64],"genderless":[66],"(like":[67],"\"match-stick\"":[69],"figure),":[70],"more":[72],"photorealistic":[73],"gender-specific.":[75],"Similarly,":[76],"eye":[77],"gaze":[78,112],"behavior":[79],"random":[82,115],"inferred":[84,111,127],"from":[85,104],"voice,":[86],"reflect":[88],"different":[89],"levels":[90],"realism.":[93],"Our":[94],"comparative":[95],"analysis":[96],"48":[98],"post-experiment":[99],"questionnaires":[100],"confirms":[101],"earlier":[102],"findings":[103],"non-immersive":[105],"studies":[106],"using":[107],"semi-photorealistic":[108],"avatars,":[109],"where":[110],"significantly":[113],"outperformed":[114],"gaze.":[116],"However":[117],"responses":[118],"lower-realism":[121],"are":[123],"adversely":[124],"affected":[125],"gaze,":[128],"revealing":[129],"significant":[131],"interaction":[132],"effect":[133],"between":[134],"behavior.":[137],"We":[138],"discuss":[139],"importance":[141],"aligning":[143],"for":[148],"increased":[149],"effectiveness.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}