{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124002739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp170","title":"Elevated CO2 significantly delays reproductive development of soybean under Free-Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE)","display_name":"Elevated CO2 significantly delays reproductive development of soybean under Free-Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE)","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124002739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp170","mag":"2124002739","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19561049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jxb/erp170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp170","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-pdf/60/10/2945/18040746/erp170.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32610980","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","issn_l":"0022-0957","issn":["0022-0957","1460-2431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-pdf/60/10/2945/18040746/erp170.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065643768","display_name":"Joseph C. Castro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271866","display_name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/036j6yj81","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph C. Castro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, IGB 1109, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, IGB 1109, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016890189","display_name":"Frank G. Dohleman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-884X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-884X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271866","display_name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/036j6yj81","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank G. Dohleman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, IGB 1109, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, IGB 1109, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073630035","display_name":"Carl J. Bernacchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-425X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-425X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271866","display_name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/036j6yj81","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl J. Bernacchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, IGB 1109, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, IGB 1109, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074295593","display_name":"Stephen P. Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-7164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-7164"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271866","display_name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/036j6yj81","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen P. Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, ERML 379, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, IGB 1109, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, ERML 379, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, IGB 1109, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074295593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405271866"],"apc_list":{"value":3292,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4341},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4428,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87652521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"10","first_page":"2945","last_page":"2951"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11760","display_name":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11760","display_name":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12571","display_name":"Soybean genetics and cultivation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevated-co2","display_name":"elevated CO2","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soybean","display_name":"soybean","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-development","display_name":"reproductive development","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growing-degree-days","display_name":"growing degree days","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-temperature","display_name":"canopy temperature","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stomatal-conductance","display_name":"stomatal conductance","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-heat-loss","display_name":"latent heat loss","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-filling","display_name":"grain filling","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/number-of-nodes","display_name":"node number","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-impacts-on-crops","display_name":"climate change impacts on crops","score":0.7409999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.7875178456306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10863394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774671","display_name":"Growing degree-day","level":3,"score":0.7622054815292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7618701","display_name":"Stomatal conductance","level":3,"score":0.6075335741043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.5081617832183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.4657987058162689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.46275991201400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983363897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Air temperature","level":2,"score":0.44555121660232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.42739906907081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4057025909423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.34568336606025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.32420408725738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.29386383295059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.1899588704109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.18263372778892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.16636618971824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.15947940945625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10154062509536743}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000388","descriptor_name":"Air","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010788","descriptor_name":"Photosynthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013025","descriptor_name":"Glycine max","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013025","descriptor_name":"Glycine max","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jxb/erp170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp170","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-pdf/60/10/2945/18040746/erp170.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32610980","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","issn_l":"0022-0957","issn":["0022-0957","1460-2431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19561049","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19561049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of experimental botany","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jxb/erp170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp170","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-pdf/60/10/2945/18040746/erp170.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32610980","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","issn_l":"0022-0957","issn":["0022-0957","1460-2431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.46149998903274536,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311877","display_name":"Archer Daniels Midland","ror":"https://ror.org/0499r1e09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332605","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124002739.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124002739.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487159073","https://openalex.org/W1511138682","https://openalex.org/W1972039076","https://openalex.org/W1974376227","https://openalex.org/W1983046958","https://openalex.org/W1987014337","https://openalex.org/W1998674343","https://openalex.org/W2020237835","https://openalex.org/W2030362769","https://openalex.org/W2030689372","https://openalex.org/W2071441289","https://openalex.org/W2095117418","https://openalex.org/W2095192431","https://openalex.org/W2097686632","https://openalex.org/W2101246638","https://openalex.org/W2124069878","https://openalex.org/W2127314858","https://openalex.org/W2127989158","https://openalex.org/W2131281101","https://openalex.org/W2134916634","https://openalex.org/W2144163566","https://openalex.org/W2147331177","https://openalex.org/W2153608402","https://openalex.org/W2158235738","https://openalex.org/W2166729350","https://openalex.org/W2725102736","https://openalex.org/W2991460120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884092706","https://openalex.org/W2020237835","https://openalex.org/W2015345549","https://openalex.org/W2368695369","https://openalex.org/W2071441289","https://openalex.org/W7097755711","https://openalex.org/W2992194194","https://openalex.org/W2014751520","https://openalex.org/W2095117418","https://openalex.org/W2272131704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70],"effect":[1,228],"of":[2,6,14,44,211,217,229,240],"rising":[3,230],"atmospheric":[4],"concentration":[5],"carbon":[7],"dioxide":[8],"[CO(2)]":[9,92,136,187,231],"on":[10,53,194,232],"the":[11,81,163,195,207,218],"reproductive":[12,123,212],"development":[13,50,84,124,213,234],"soybean":[15,88],"(Glycine":[16],"max.":[17],"Merr)":[18],"has":[19],"not":[20],"been":[21],"evaluated":[22],"under":[23,29,201,220],"open-air":[24],"field":[25],"conditions.":[26],"Soybeans":[27,183],"grown":[28,90,133,184,200],"Free-Air":[30],"CO(2)":[31],"Enrichment":[32],"(FACE)":[33],"exhibit":[34],"warmer":[35],"canopies":[36],"due":[37],"to":[38,49,79,94,110,114,127,146,161,178,247],"decreased":[39,45],"latent":[40],"heat":[41],"loss":[42],"because":[43],"stomatal":[46],"conductance.":[47],"According":[48],"models":[51],"based":[52],"accumulated":[54],"thermal":[55],"time,":[56],"or":[57],"growing":[58],"degree":[59],"days":[60,129],"(":[61],"degrees":[62,140,155,172],"Cd),":[63],"increased":[64],"canopy":[65,120],"temperature":[66,99],"should":[67],"accelerate":[68],"development.":[69],"SoyFACE":[71],"research":[72],"facility":[73],"(Champaign,":[74],"Illinois,":[75],"USA)":[76],"was":[77,100],"used":[78,107],"test":[80],"hypothesis":[82],"that":[83,235],"is":[85],"accelerated":[86],"in":[87,91,108,134,185,209,252],"when":[89],"elevated":[93,116,135,186,221],"548":[95],"micromol":[96],"mol(-1).":[97],"Canopy":[98],"measured":[101],"continuously":[102],"with":[103],"infrared":[104],"thermometry,":[105],"and":[106,152,214,243],"turn":[109],"calculate":[111],"GDD.":[112],"Opposite":[113],"expectation,":[115],"[CO(2)],":[117],"while":[118],"increasing":[119],"temperature,":[121],"delayed":[122],"by":[125],"up":[126],"3":[128],"(P":[130,144,159,176,192],"<0.05).":[131],"Soybean":[132],"required":[137],"approximately":[138,153,170],"49":[139],"Cd":[141,156,173],"more":[142,157,190],"GDD":[143,158,175],"<0.05)":[145,160,177],"complete":[147,162,179],"full":[148],"bloom":[149],"stage":[150],"(R2)":[151],"52":[154],"beginning":[164],"seed":[165,180],"(R5)":[166],"stage,":[167],"but":[168],"needed":[169],"46":[171],"fewer":[174],"filling":[181],"(R6).":[182],"produced":[188],"significantly":[189],"nodes":[191],"<0.01)":[193],"main":[196],"stem":[197],"than":[198],"those":[199,251],"current":[202],"[CO(2)].":[203,222],"This":[204],"may":[205,244],"explain":[206],"delay":[208],"completion":[210],"final":[215],"maturation":[216],"crop":[219],"These":[223],"results":[224],"show":[225],"a":[226],"direct":[227],"plant":[233],"will":[236],"affect":[237],"both":[238],"projections":[239],"grain":[241],"supply":[242],"be":[245],"significant":[246],"other":[248],"species":[249],"including":[250],"natural":[253],"communities.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}