{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123859232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073812447980","title":"Confounding Diagnoses in the Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Population","display_name":"Confounding Diagnoses in the Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Population","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123859232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073812447980","mag":"2123859232","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22761401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0883073812447980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073812447980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073812447980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70982952","display_name":"Journal of Child Neurology","issn_l":"0883-0738","issn":["0883-0738","1702-6075","1708-8283","1708-8828"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Child Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067434319","display_name":"Eboni I. Lance","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-8777","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-8777"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298154867","display_name":"Kennedy Krieger Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05q6tgt32","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150714","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb1k848","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eboni I. Lance","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA","#N# 1Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA","#N# 2Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 1Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 2Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014087661","display_name":"Bruce K. Shapiro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298154867","display_name":"Kennedy Krieger Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05q6tgt32","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150714","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb1k848","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce K. Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA","#N# 1Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA","#N# 2Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 1Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 2Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067434319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867","https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18763638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"5","first_page":"645","last_page":"647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.05530000105500221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodevelopmental-disorders","display_name":"neurodevelopmental disorders","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absence-epilepsy","display_name":"absence epilepsy","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulant-medication","display_name":"stimulant medication","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiepileptic-drugs","display_name":"antiepileptic drugs","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hearing-loss","display_name":"hearing loss","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-age-child","display_name":"school-age child","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-problems","display_name":"behavioral problems","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis","display_name":"differential diagnosis","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.7096937298774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181923","display_name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","level":2,"score":0.5840297937393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.5706255435943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.5591946244239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.551727294921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5058934092521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779388368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3450985","display_name":"Neurodevelopmental disorder","level":3,"score":0.5012080669403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4502628445625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4368460774421692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.43291378021240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.40783748030662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3982238173484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3294922113418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.2476864755153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000697","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System Stimulants","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000927","descriptor_name":"Anticonvulsants","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001289","descriptor_name":"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001289","descriptor_name":"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001301","descriptor_name":"Audiometry, Pure-Tone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002658","descriptor_name":"Developmental Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002658","descriptor_name":"Developmental Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003131","descriptor_name":"Combined Modality Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004829","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy, Generalized","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004829","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy, Generalized","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004832","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy, Absence","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004832","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy, Absence","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006310","descriptor_name":"Hearing Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006319","descriptor_name":"Hearing Loss, Sensorineural","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008774","descriptor_name":"Methylphenidate","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014635","descriptor_name":"Valproic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0883073812447980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073812447980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073812447980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70982952","display_name":"Journal of Child Neurology","issn_l":"0883-0738","issn":["0883-0738","1702-6075","1708-8283","1708-8828"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Child Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22761401","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22761401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of child neurology","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967789641","https://openalex.org/W2047585807","https://openalex.org/W2099478180","https://openalex.org/W2127997564","https://openalex.org/W2130221519","https://openalex.org/W2144588821","https://openalex.org/W2145914632","https://openalex.org/W2166577179","https://openalex.org/W4242727196","https://openalex.org/W4256119651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095182808","https://openalex.org/W130992771","https://openalex.org/W51288514","https://openalex.org/W2317813388","https://openalex.org/W4313510219","https://openalex.org/W615701890","https://openalex.org/W2547141345","https://openalex.org/W3108586690","https://openalex.org/W4406429615","https://openalex.org/W2902139260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1],"the":[2,28],"case":[3],"of":[4,11,38],"a":[5,9,21],"school-age":[6],"child":[7],"with":[8,15,24,35,54,65,80],"history":[10],"hearing":[12],"loss":[13],"presenting":[14],"staring":[16,39],"spells.":[17],"Electroencephalography":[18],"(EEG)":[19],"revealed":[20],"pattern":[22],"consistent":[23],"absence":[25],"epilepsy,":[26],"and":[27,60,70,83],"patient":[29,50],"was":[30,51],"started":[31,61],"on":[32,62],"antiepileptic":[33],"medication":[34,64],"decreased":[36],"frequency":[37],"spells":[40],"but":[41],"he":[42],"then":[43],"continued":[44],"to":[45],"have":[46],"behavioral":[47],"issues.":[48],"The":[49],"diagnosed":[52],"subsequently":[53],"combined-type":[55],"attention-deficit":[56],"hyperactivity":[57],"disorder":[58],"(ADHD)":[59],"stimulant":[63],"subsequent":[66],"improvement":[67],"in":[68,78],"attention":[69],"school":[71],"performance.":[72],"Multiple":[73],"confounding":[74],"diagnoses":[75],"are":[76],"common":[77],"children":[79],"neurodevelopmental":[81],"disabilities,":[82],"comprehensive":[84],"evaluation":[85],"is":[86],"required":[87],"for":[88],"appropriate":[89],"management.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
