{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123663744","doi":null,"title":"A Spatial Model Of The State","display_name":"A Spatial Model Of The State","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123663744","mag":"2123663744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2123663744","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dudleylm.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/jite-91.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/223819","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024448369","display_name":"Ulrich C. H. Blum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1005-593X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1005-593X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich Blum","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L\u00e9onard Dudley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L\u00e9onard Dudley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11461","display_name":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11461","display_name":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.011800000444054604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12619","display_name":"Political Systems and Governance","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-competition","display_name":"political competition","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-market","display_name":"political market","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-institutions","display_name":"democratic institutions","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-efficiency","display_name":"political efficiency","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-resource-allocation","display_name":"public resource allocation","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-boundaries","display_name":"political boundaries","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-decentralization","display_name":"political decentralization","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-government","display_name":"local government","score":0.6330000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106866004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264259","display_name":"Economic rent","level":2,"score":0.8156592845916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7327097058296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7073681354522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6998285055160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.598479688167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776949292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471855","display_name":"Jurisdiction","level":2,"score":0.5686057806015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5489726662635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.5247561931610107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.457466185092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937518","display_name":"Reservation","level":2,"score":0.44734877347946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.4295051097869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.39369070529937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.37518006563186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3680296540260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3674338459968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2861418128013611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10183349251747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2123663744","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dudleylm.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/jite-91.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3125679330","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/mtl/montec/9030.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306505481","display_name":"Cahiers de recherche","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cahiers de recherche","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/223819","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/223819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"I - Miscellaneous"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/223819","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/223819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"I - Miscellaneous"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W621434948","https://openalex.org/W1561954777","https://openalex.org/W1586665605","https://openalex.org/W1967895314","https://openalex.org/W1968723232","https://openalex.org/W1977825494","https://openalex.org/W1982156586","https://openalex.org/W1992717191","https://openalex.org/W2023351488","https://openalex.org/W2027711396","https://openalex.org/W2031917888","https://openalex.org/W2036454494","https://openalex.org/W2046139000","https://openalex.org/W2068466866","https://openalex.org/W2076664493","https://openalex.org/W2081714882","https://openalex.org/W2087263245","https://openalex.org/W2087845265","https://openalex.org/W2098568609","https://openalex.org/W2126608926","https://openalex.org/W2277316155","https://openalex.org/W2531554083","https://openalex.org/W2764745387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210644434","https://openalex.org/W2140673830","https://openalex.org/W7095898843","https://openalex.org/W1580603328","https://openalex.org/W4299997021","https://openalex.org/W3129289895","https://openalex.org/W2135718628","https://openalex.org/W4241539053","https://openalex.org/W7034840724","https://openalex.org/W1967966700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Economists":[0],"generally":[1],"assume":[2],"that":[3,14,52,59,67,93],"political":[4,17,33,76,87,105],"institutions":[5],"are":[6,19],"inefficient.1":[7],"Recently,":[8],"however,":[9],"it":[10,65],"has":[11,55],"been":[12],"proposed":[13],"under":[15],"competition,":[16],"markets":[18],"as":[20,22],"efficient":[21,43],"economic":[23],"markets.2":[24],"According":[25],"to":[26,37,41,75,81,101],"this":[27,53],"hypothesis,":[28],"in":[29,69],"a":[30,108,116,121],"democratic":[31,70,96],"state,":[32],"competition":[34,78],"will":[35,72,98],"tend":[36,80],"eliminate":[38],"rents,":[39],"leading":[40],"an":[42],"allocation":[44,84],"of":[45,86,95,104,115,124],"public":[46],"resources.":[47],"It":[48],"should":[49,79],"be":[50,61,73,99],"noted":[51],"theory":[54,91],"several":[56],"important":[57],"corollaries":[58],"may":[60],"tested":[62],"empirically.":[63],"First,":[64],"predicts":[66,92],"voters":[68],"states":[71,97],"indifferent":[74],"boundaries:":[77],"make":[82],"resource":[83],"independent":[85],"institutions.":[88],"Second,":[89],"the":[90,102],"residents":[94],"insensitive":[100],"level":[103,123],"decentralization:":[106],"whether":[107],"service":[109],"is":[110],"supplied":[111],"by":[112,120],"local":[113],"employees":[114],"central":[117],"government":[118],"or":[119],"lower":[122],"jurisdiction,":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
