{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123638696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.969886","title":"Integrated laser Mach-Zehnder modulator on indium phosphide free of modulated-feedback","display_name":"Integrated laser Mach-Zehnder modulator on indium phosphide free of modulated-feedback","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123638696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.969886","mag":"2123638696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/68.969886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.969886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.969886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27723657","display_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","issn_l":"1041-1135","issn":["1041-1135","1941-0174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077401964","display_name":"S. Lovisa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Lovisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Opto, Marcoussis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Opto, Marcoussis, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"N. Bouche","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Bouche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Opto, Marcoussis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Opto, Marcoussis, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085599704","display_name":"H. Helmers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Helmers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Opto, Marcoussis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Opto, Marcoussis, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083149656","display_name":"Y. Heymes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Heymes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Opto, Marcoussis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Opto, Marcoussis, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111755854","display_name":"F. Brillouet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Brillouet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Opto, Marcoussis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Opto, Marcoussis, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114041266","display_name":"Yaneck Gottesman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-887X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-887X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Gottesman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Opto, Marcoussis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Opto, Marcoussis, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K. Rao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["CENT/CDP France T\u00e9l\u00e9com, Bagneux, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CENT/CDP France T\u00e9l\u00e9com, Bagneux, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.801,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76234232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"1295","last_page":"1297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.7612000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.7612000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.2290000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indium-phosphide","display_name":"indium phosphide","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-low-coherence-reflectometry","display_name":"optical low-coherence reflectometry","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electro-optic-effect","display_name":"electro-optic effect","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"bandwidth","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-output","display_name":"output power","score":0.7200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776152967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416291","display_name":"Indium phosphide","level":3,"score":0.6314429044723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5769346952438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5369901657104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4508953094482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44489872455596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90596186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747700","display_name":"Electro-optic modulator","level":5,"score":0.4337957203388214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C927094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285877","display_name":"Distributed feedback laser","level":3,"score":0.42430251836776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12296473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621727","display_name":"Mach\u2013Zehnder interferometer","level":3,"score":0.41207677125930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.39988580346107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193690875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906767","display_name":"Optical modulator","level":4,"score":0.36571747064590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3012387752532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.1717955470085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15868985652923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14406555891036987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.11890926957130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510052550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422819","display_name":"Gallium arsenide","level":2,"score":0.0804997980594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/68.969886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.969886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.969886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27723657","display_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","issn_l":"1041-1135","issn":["1041-1135","1941-0174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001841811","https://openalex.org/W2071933441","https://openalex.org/W2088899232","https://openalex.org/W2139252547","https://openalex.org/W2140688643","https://openalex.org/W2161287746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2532798127","https://openalex.org/W2956154920","https://openalex.org/W1969872283","https://openalex.org/W3188158345","https://openalex.org/W1513302617","https://openalex.org/W3126838356","https://openalex.org/W1974211170","https://openalex.org/W2107955132","https://openalex.org/W1544257376","https://openalex.org/W3011523120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"main":[1],"problem":[2,24],"of":[3,95],"integrated":[4],"laser/Mach-Zehnder":[5],"modulators":[6],"is":[7,47,63],"the":[8,15,26,37,42,45],"modulated":[9],"feedback":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,31,76],"reflections":[13,51],"on":[14],"output":[16,84],"multimode":[17],"image":[18],"(MMI).":[19],"We":[20],"have":[21],"solved":[22],"this":[23],"changing":[25],"modulator":[27,91],"technology":[28,69],"from":[29],"\"deep-ridge\"":[30],"\"shallow-ridge\"":[32],"technology.":[33],"In":[34],"that":[35],"case,":[36],"index":[38],"step":[39],"seen":[40],"by":[41],"light":[43],"in":[44,55],"MMI":[46],"far":[48],"lower,":[49],"then":[50],"which":[52],"are":[53],"nondetectable":[54],"optical":[56],"low":[57],"coherence":[58],"reflectometry":[59],"(OLCR)":[60],"and":[61,81,90,92],"there":[62],"no":[64],"laser":[65,89],"resonance":[66],"left.":[67],"This":[68],"also":[70],"enables":[71],"a":[72,77,82],"wider":[73],"bandwidth":[74],"(thanks":[75],"stronger":[78],"electrooptic":[79],"effect)":[80],"higher":[83],"power":[85],"(better":[86],"coupling":[87],"between":[88],"lower":[93],"loss":[94],"shallow-ridge":[96],"guides).":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
