{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123637637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737159.9.1.51","title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin and associated molecules","display_name":"Human chorionic gonadotropin and associated molecules","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123637637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737159.9.1.51","mag":"2123637637","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19099349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1586/14737159.9.1.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737159.9.1.51","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737159.9.1.51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124386304","display_name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","issn_l":"1473-7159","issn":["1473-7159","1744-8352"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103531148","display_name":"Laurence A. Cole","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laurence A Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87131, USA. larry@hcglab.com","Director, USA hCG Reference Service"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87131, USA. larry@hcglab.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Director, USA hCG Reference Service","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103531148"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61234568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"51","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12587","display_name":"Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12587","display_name":"Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11069","display_name":"Testicular diseases and treatments","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-chorionic-gonadotropin","display_name":"human chorionic gonadotropin","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperglycosylated-hcg","display_name":"hyperglycosylated hCG","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-beta-subunit","display_name":"free beta-subunit","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy-test","display_name":"pregnancy testing","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-trophoblastic-disease","display_name":"gestational trophoblastic disease","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choriocarcinoma","display_name":"choriocarcinoma","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydatidiform-mole","display_name":"hydatidiform mole","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assay-specificity","display_name":"assay specificity","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ectopic-pregnancy","display_name":"ectopic pregnancy","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777605040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3009555","display_name":"Cytotrophoblast","level":5,"score":0.9050188064575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775948956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407172","display_name":"Human chorionic gonadotropin","level":3,"score":0.7117178440093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780832733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076481","display_name":"Choriocarcinoma","level":2,"score":0.6842017769813538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128240485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786998","display_name":"Autocrine signalling","level":3,"score":0.6429260969161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951","display_name":"Malignancy","level":2,"score":0.5384213328361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778489058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076481","display_name":"Chorioepithelioma","level":3,"score":0.48654261231422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778782382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409770","display_name":"Gonadotropin","level":3,"score":0.4845413267612457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.4816547930240631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4129524827003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776953305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1212935","display_name":"Placenta","level":4,"score":0.410244882106781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.37988126277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.37960004806518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16685009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335057","display_name":"Andrology","level":1,"score":0.3648483157157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3557080030441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.33286821842193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.14245495200157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.12149587273597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.07911422848701477}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000939","descriptor_name":"Epitopes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003951","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Errors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006063","descriptor_name":"Chorionic Gonadotropin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006063","descriptor_name":"Chorionic Gonadotropin","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006063","descriptor_name":"Chorionic Gonadotropin","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006063","descriptor_name":"Chorionic Gonadotropin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1586/14737159.9.1.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737159.9.1.51","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737159.9.1.51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124386304","display_name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","issn_l":"1473-7159","issn":["1473-7159","1744-8352"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19099349","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19099349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert review of molecular diagnostics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":127,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2671320","https://openalex.org/W30305005","https://openalex.org/W38973816","https://openalex.org/W62469041","https://openalex.org/W66253703","https://openalex.org/W134712000","https://openalex.org/W157705222","https://openalex.org/W167747955","https://openalex.org/W375305503","https://openalex.org/W459554046","https://openalex.org/W967514293","https://openalex.org/W1483729260","https://openalex.org/W1488381172","https://openalex.org/W1489175789","https://openalex.org/W1491753329","https://openalex.org/W1497345935","https://openalex.org/W1504157335","https://openalex.org/W1538546327","https://openalex.org/W1552057761","https://openalex.org/W1565275190","https://openalex.org/W1587227989","https://openalex.org/W1589818228","https://openalex.org/W1610439870","https://openalex.org/W1915178709","https://openalex.org/W1916998316","https://openalex.org/W1934947295","https://openalex.org/W1964004017","https://openalex.org/W1964591473","https://openalex.org/W1965773879","https://openalex.org/W1967430398","https://openalex.org/W1969117041","https://openalex.org/W1969918461","https://openalex.org/W1971953147","https://openalex.org/W1975389314","https://openalex.org/W1976463376","https://openalex.org/W1980465829","https://openalex.org/W1982920572","https://openalex.org/W1984297437","https://openalex.org/W1985204455","https://openalex.org/W1985339540","https://openalex.org/W1986323647","https://openalex.org/W1986617857","https://openalex.org/W1988558639","https://openalex.org/W1992892846","https://openalex.org/W1992975585","https://openalex.org/W1993178390","https://openalex.org/W1993518780","https://openalex.org/W1996871710","https://openalex.org/W1997917571","https://openalex.org/W2011457965","https://openalex.org/W2012416051","https://openalex.org/W2012888087","https://openalex.org/W2015427249","https://openalex.org/W2018387465","https://openalex.org/W2020415913","https://openalex.org/W2020898595","https://openalex.org/W2021764835","https://openalex.org/W2021841381","https://openalex.org/W2026035525","https://openalex.org/W2028673259","https://openalex.org/W2030522563","https://openalex.org/W2033682940","https://openalex.org/W2033710020","https://openalex.org/W2035215095","https://openalex.org/W2038594261","https://openalex.org/W2038677530","https://openalex.org/W2040078681","https://openalex.org/W2043239243","https://openalex.org/W2045661584","https://openalex.org/W2046487753","https://openalex.org/W2049349151","https://openalex.org/W2053141742","https://openalex.org/W2055239529","https://openalex.org/W2057029972","https://openalex.org/W2058652621","https://openalex.org/W2062343379","https://openalex.org/W2064143957","https://openalex.org/W2067421738","https://openalex.org/W2067993963","https://openalex.org/W2068754779","https://openalex.org/W2071514938","https://openalex.org/W2074394005","https://openalex.org/W2074851727","https://openalex.org/W2075843620","https://openalex.org/W2079809058","https://openalex.org/W2080955617","https://openalex.org/W2084106928","https://openalex.org/W2085961774","https://openalex.org/W2087169890","https://openalex.org/W2088141357","https://openalex.org/W2091945360","https://openalex.org/W2093728840","https://openalex.org/W2095260045","https://openalex.org/W2095875015","https://openalex.org/W2096400482","https://openalex.org/W2097700519","https://openalex.org/W2099930605","https://openalex.org/W2107664806","https://openalex.org/W2108118570","https://openalex.org/W2115662008","https://openalex.org/W2117755410","https://openalex.org/W2121143441","https://openalex.org/W2121952288","https://openalex.org/W2129568079","https://openalex.org/W2131883526","https://openalex.org/W2134367837","https://openalex.org/W2136274294","https://openalex.org/W2139381701","https://openalex.org/W2139953373","https://openalex.org/W2153787230","https://openalex.org/W2154171512","https://openalex.org/W2159967552","https://openalex.org/W2162464833","https://openalex.org/W2325674170","https://openalex.org/W2394857372","https://openalex.org/W2410347570","https://openalex.org/W2411457155","https://openalex.org/W2412300007","https://openalex.org/W2417540838","https://openalex.org/W2418062241","https://openalex.org/W2421893841","https://openalex.org/W2474746839","https://openalex.org/W3001267491","https://openalex.org/W4238156817","https://openalex.org/W4239518312","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4313318570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133157681","https://openalex.org/W1988659813","https://openalex.org/W2000522767","https://openalex.org/W2047456341","https://openalex.org/W2753523923","https://openalex.org/W4238156817","https://openalex.org/W2135221922","https://openalex.org/W2425659828","https://openalex.org/W2055239529","https://openalex.org/W38973816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"considering":[1],"human":[2],"chorionic":[3],"gonadotropin":[4],"(hCG)":[5],"and":[6,46,50,92,121,140,166,197,225,230,255,266,294,297,318,327],"hCG":[7,26,64,134,152,192,204,218,245,260,278,302],"tests,":[8,163],"it":[9,15,84],"is":[10,16,34,70,77,102,127,173,181,205,219],"important":[11,128],"to":[12,117,129,185,198],"realize":[13,130],"that":[14],"not":[17],"a":[18,35,105,194,210],"single":[19],"biological":[20],"molecule.":[21],"The":[22,247],"regular":[23,178,203],"form":[24],"of":[25,42,54,61,90,108,123,151,202,212,272,291,299,324],"produced":[27,103,220,236],"by":[28,72,104],"differentiated":[29],"syncytotrophoblast":[30],"cells":[31],"(regular":[32],"hCG)":[33],"hormone":[36,80,116],"made":[37,71],"with":[38,66,81],"the":[39,44,51,55,58,119,124,142,186,250,256],"primary":[40],"function":[41],"maintaining":[43],"myometrial":[45],"decidual":[47],"spiral":[48],"arteries":[49],"vascular":[52],"supply":[53],"placenta":[56],"during":[57],"full":[59],"course":[60],"pregnancy.":[62],"Hyperglycosylated":[63],"(hCG":[65],"double-size":[67],"O-linked":[68],"oligosaccharides)":[69],"undifferentiated":[73],"cytotrophoblast":[74],"cells.":[75],"This":[76,111,180,207],"an":[78,114,133],"autocrine":[79,115],"separate":[82],"functions,":[83],"maintains":[85],"invasion":[86,122],"as":[87,113,153,155,193],"in":[88,94,171,182,221,237,284,306,322],"implantation":[89],"pregnancy":[91,195,285,288],"malignancy":[93],"gestational":[95,308],"trophoblastic":[96,309],"diseases.":[97],"A":[98],"hyperglycosylated":[99,217],"free":[100,232],"beta-subunit":[101,233],"high":[106],"proportion":[107],"all":[109,264],"malignancies.":[110,331],"functions":[112],"promote":[118],"growth":[120],"malignancy.":[125],"It":[126],"when":[131],"ordering":[132],"test":[135,143,165,213,261,273],"what":[136,172],"you":[137],"are":[138,169,249,280,304,319],"measuring":[139],"whether":[141,311],"ordered":[144],"will":[145],"detect":[146,263],"appropriately":[147],"these":[148],"three":[149],"variant":[150,265],"well":[154],"their":[156,267],"degradation":[157,268],"products.":[158],"Most":[159],"automated":[160],"commercial":[161],"laboratory":[162],"point-of-care":[164],"over-the-counter":[167],"tests":[168,303],"limited":[170],"detected,":[174],"focusing":[175],"only":[176,190,200,231],"on":[177],"hCG.":[179],"part":[183],"due":[184],"US":[187],"FDA,":[188],"who":[189],"consider":[191],"test,":[196],"whom":[199],"detection":[201],"critical.":[206],"may":[208,234],"be":[209,235],"cause":[211],"errors":[214],"since":[215],"primarily":[216],"early":[222,287],"pregnancy,":[223],"choriocarcinoma":[224],"germ":[226,239,329],"cell":[227,240,330],"testicular":[228,325],"malignancies,":[229],"other":[238,328],"malignancies":[241,326],"(all":[242],"applications":[243],"for":[244,277],"test).":[246],"exceptions":[248],"older":[251],"style":[252],"hCGbeta":[253],"radioimmunoassay":[254],"Siemen's":[257],"Immulite":[258],"platform":[259],"which":[262],"product":[269],"appropriately.":[270],"Regardless":[271],"specificity":[274],"limitations,":[275],"assays":[276],"variants":[279],"widely":[281],"used":[282],"clinically":[283],"detection,":[286,289],"prediction":[290,298],"spontaneously":[292],"aborting":[293],"ectopic":[295],"pregnancies":[296],"trisomy":[300],"pregnancies.":[301],"essential":[305],"managing":[307],"diseases,":[310],"hydatidiform":[312],"mole,":[313],"invasive":[314],"mole":[315],"or":[316],"choriocarcinoma,":[317],"very":[320],"useful":[321],"management":[323]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
