{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123371944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb01069.x","title":"Logistic Discriminant Function Analysis for DIF Identification of Polytomously Scored Items","display_name":"Logistic Discriminant Function Analysis for DIF Identification of Polytomously Scored Items","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123371944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb01069.x","mag":"2123371944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb01069.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb01069.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb01069.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30638350","display_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","issn_l":"0022-0655","issn":["0022-0655","1745-3984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103835976","display_name":"Timothy R. Miller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123761","display_name":"American College Testing","ror":"https://ror.org/0339x3x34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123761"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy R. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["American College Testing","JUDITH A. SPRAY is Assistant Director, American College Testing, 2201 N. Dodge St., PO Box 168, Iowa City, LA 52243. Degrees: PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: psychometrics","TIMOTHY R. MILLER is Psychometrician, American College Testing, 2201N. Dodge St., PO Box 168, Iowa City, IA 52243. Degrees: BA, MA, PhD, University of Iowa. Specializations: psychometrics and applied statistics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American College Testing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JUDITH A. SPRAY is Assistant Director, American College Testing, 2201 N. Dodge St., PO Box 168, Iowa City, LA 52243. Degrees: PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: psychometrics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIMOTHY R. MILLER is Psychometrician, American College Testing, 2201N. Dodge St., PO Box 168, Iowa City, IA 52243. Degrees: BA, MA, PhD, University of Iowa. Specializations: psychometrics and applied statistics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644","https://openalex.org/I4210123761"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024111670","display_name":"Judith A. Spray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123761","display_name":"American College Testing","ror":"https://ror.org/0339x3x34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123761"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith A. Spray","raw_affiliation_strings":["American College Testing","JUDITH A. SPRAY is Assistant Director, American College Testing, 2201 N. Dodge St., PO Box 168, Iowa City, LA 52243. Degrees: PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: psychometrics","TIMOTHY R. MILLER is Psychometrician, American College Testing, 2201N. Dodge St., PO Box 168, Iowa City, IA 52243. Degrees: BA, MA, PhD, University of Iowa. Specializations: psychometrics and applied statistics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American College Testing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JUDITH A. SPRAY is Assistant Director, American College Testing, 2201 N. Dodge St., PO Box 168, Iowa City, LA 52243. Degrees: PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: psychometrics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIMOTHY R. MILLER is Psychometrician, American College Testing, 2201N. Dodge St., PO Box 168, Iowa City, IA 52243. Degrees: BA, MA, PhD, University of Iowa. Specializations: psychometrics and applied statistics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644","https://openalex.org/I4210123761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103835976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644","https://openalex.org/I4210123761"],"apc_list":{"value":3040,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3040},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98082844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"107","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-item-functioning","display_name":"differential item functioning","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polytomous-items","display_name":"polytomous items","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-achievement-test","display_name":"mathematics achievement test","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mantel-haenszel-test","display_name":"Mantel-Haenszel procedure","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-fairness","display_name":"test fairness","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-bias-detection","display_name":"item bias detection","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41771347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Discriminant function analysis","level":2,"score":0.8271067142486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181447626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224359","display_name":"Differential item functioning","level":4,"score":0.7820101380348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.7649893760681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6944382190704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207968926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7227107","display_name":"Polytomous Rasch model","level":4,"score":0.645628035068512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6142618060112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5697315335273743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4920632243156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4458223879337311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44045186042785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.419151246547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19875794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207340","display_name":"Item response theory","level":3,"score":0.3835197687149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.35330379009246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3240204453468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.135746031999588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb01069.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb01069.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb01069.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30638350","display_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","issn_l":"0022-0655","issn":["0022-0655","1745-3984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W1982907386","https://openalex.org/W1984772144","https://openalex.org/W1996308133","https://openalex.org/W2002374079","https://openalex.org/W2004672064","https://openalex.org/W2018144913","https://openalex.org/W2021597910","https://openalex.org/W2023271971","https://openalex.org/W2039703120","https://openalex.org/W2040512189","https://openalex.org/W2044379334","https://openalex.org/W2072666904","https://openalex.org/W2075767851","https://openalex.org/W2085641264","https://openalex.org/W2091802596","https://openalex.org/W2099019452","https://openalex.org/W2107784689","https://openalex.org/W2125686177","https://openalex.org/W2126843316","https://openalex.org/W2145538235","https://openalex.org/W2331130507","https://openalex.org/W2612218066","https://openalex.org/W2797333853","https://openalex.org/W4236554388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145665162","https://openalex.org/W2885502779","https://openalex.org/W7111746478","https://openalex.org/W2952549796","https://openalex.org/W2049222635","https://openalex.org/W971640841","https://openalex.org/W1189507942","https://openalex.org/W1915839586","https://openalex.org/W7097462262","https://openalex.org/W180193239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,27,52],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,15,21,33,81],"this":[3],"article":[4],"is":[5,29,61,73],"to":[6,89],"present":[7],"logistic":[8,57,83],"discriminant":[9,58],"function":[10,59],"analysis":[11,36],"as":[12],"a":[13,34,40,94],"means":[14],"differential":[16],"item":[17],"functioning":[18],"(DIF)":[19],"identification":[20,66],"items":[22,38,49],"that":[23,55],"are":[24],"polytomously":[25],"scored.":[26],"procedure":[28,60,86],"presented":[30],"with":[31],"examples":[32],"DIF":[35,65,85],"using":[37],"from":[39],"27\u2010item":[41],"mathematics":[42],"test":[43,70],"which":[44],"includes":[45],"six":[46],"open\u2010ended":[47],"response":[48],"scored":[50,69],"polytomously.":[51],"results":[53],"show":[54],"the":[56,82],"ideally":[62],"suited":[63],"for":[64],"on":[67],"nondichotomously":[68],"items.":[71],"It":[72],"simpler":[74],"and":[75,87],"more":[76,91],"practical":[77],"than":[78,93],"polytomous":[79],"extensions":[80],"regression":[84],"appears":[88],"fee":[90],"powerful":[92],"generalized":[95],"Mantel\u2010Haenszelprocedure.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
