{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123369737","doi":null,"title":"Sustainable development of low income countries through investment in tertiary education","display_name":"Sustainable development of low income countries through investment in tertiary education","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123369737","mag":"2123369737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pra:mprapa:65209","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/65209/1/MPRA_paper_65209.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/65209/1/MPRA_paper_65209.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085414995","display_name":"Nobinkhor Kundu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobinkhor Kundu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040400232","display_name":"Asma Banu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Banu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13789","display_name":"Global Education Systems and Policies","score":0.9315999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13789","display_name":"Global Education Systems and Policies","score":0.9315999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10546","display_name":"Higher Education Governance and Development","score":0.042399998754262924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13406","display_name":"Human Resources and Workforce","score":0.010700000450015068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"higher education","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-investment","display_name":"education investment","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-countries","display_name":"low-income countries","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifelong-learning","display_name":"lifelong learning","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education-finance","display_name":"higher education funding","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-upgrading","display_name":"skill upgrading","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangladesh","display_name":"Bangladesh","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"globalization","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.7164070010185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.6037495136260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.5946625471115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.5330613255500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.5232585668563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22607594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375150","display_name":"Enabling","level":2,"score":0.48084601759910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4786728322505951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4606568515300751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.41732993721961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.41358816623687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.329002320766449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2057875096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.18840038776397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pra:mprapa:65209","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/65209/1/MPRA_paper_65209.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/65209/1/MPRA_paper_65209.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2123369737","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:65209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3143235566","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/65209.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MPRA Paper","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.975600004196167,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.7307999730110168,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.5217000246047974,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998118049","https://openalex.org/W2929782362","https://openalex.org/W2104621626","https://openalex.org/W3177965345","https://openalex.org/W4245733638","https://openalex.org/W2130627763","https://openalex.org/W4300864873","https://openalex.org/W4403631536","https://openalex.org/W7203469310","https://openalex.org/W2466910232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"counterbalance":[1],"the":[2,7,22,26,30,67,70,75,91,99,136,144,151,168],"challenges":[3],"of":[4,9,25,29,37,69,77,88,101,153],"globalization,":[5],"raising":[6],"superiority":[8],"our":[10],"tertiary":[11,56,86,156,182],"education":[12,20,57,89,120,131,157],"to":[13,53,83,109,116,124,134,140,161],"global":[14,146],"standard":[15],"is":[16,21,94,107,171],"very":[17],"significant.":[18],"Tertiary":[19],"essential":[23],"enabler":[24],"human":[27],"capital":[28],"twenty-first":[31],"century":[32],"that":[33,173],"demands":[34],"a":[35,55,163],"set":[36,50],"new":[38,145],"competencies.":[39],"It":[40,170],"draws":[41],"lessons":[42],"for":[43],"developing":[44],"countries":[45],"where":[46],"policy":[47],"makers":[48],"have":[49,128],"out":[51],"procedure":[52],"build":[54],"in":[58,85,132,143,155,181],"which":[59,80],"higher":[60,119,130],"priorities":[61],"and":[62,121],"future":[63],"strategies":[64],"would":[65],"form":[66],"center":[68],"sustainable":[71,165],"development":[72,166],"strategy.":[73],"In":[74,104],"case":[76],"low-income":[78,159],"economies,":[79],"are":[81],"keen":[82],"invest":[84],"levels":[87],"but":[90],"government":[92],"budget":[93],"constrained,":[95],"this":[96],"study":[97],"recommends":[98],"formation":[100],"financing":[102],"sources.":[103],"addition,":[105],"it":[106],"necessary":[108,139],"develop":[110],"an":[111],"effective":[112],"lifelong":[113],"learning":[114],"system":[115],"provide":[117,135],"continuing":[118],"skill":[122],"upgrading":[123],"persons":[125],"after":[126],"they":[127],"left":[129],"order":[133],"changing":[137],"skills":[138],"be":[141],"competitive":[142],"economy.":[147],"This":[148],"paper":[149],"analyses":[150],"importance":[152],"investment":[154,180],"with":[158],"economies":[160],"ensure":[162],"gradual":[164],"over":[167],"years.":[169],"apparent":[172],"Bangladesh":[174],"will":[175],"acquire":[176],"potential":[177],"gains":[178],"from":[179],"education.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}