{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123215804","doi":null,"title":"Comparison of Temperament and Character in Major Depressive Disorder Versus Bipolar II Disorder.","display_name":"Comparison of Temperament and Character in Major Depressive Disorder Versus Bipolar II Disorder.","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123215804","mag":"2123215804","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25780372","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4359722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4359722","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4359722/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4359722/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4359722/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061920188","display_name":"Sara Bensaeed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Bensaeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034223696","display_name":"Atefeh Ghanbari Jolfaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-316X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-316X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atefeh Ghanbari Jolfaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center AND Department of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center AND Department of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002677171","display_name":"Farh\u0101d Jomehri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-5399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-5399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200432940","display_name":"Allameh Tabataba'i University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cc4gc68","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhad Jomehri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, Allameh Tabatabii University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, Allameh Tabatabii University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100712601","display_name":"Alireza Moradi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5351-6017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5351-6017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181744264","display_name":"Kharazmi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsgex59","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181744264"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Moradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, Tarbiyat Moalem University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, Tarbiyat Moalem University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181744264"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8575,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71405662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"28","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11093","display_name":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"major depressive disorder","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-ii-disorder","display_name":"bipolar II disorder","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperament","display_name":"temperament","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-traits","display_name":"personality traits","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperament-and-character-inventory","display_name":"Temperament and Character Inventory","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty-seeking","display_name":"novelty seeking","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-dependence","display_name":"reward dependence","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm-avoidance","display_name":"harm avoidance","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistence","display_name":"persistence","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-direction","display_name":"self-direction","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-transcendence","display_name":"self-transcendence","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61644593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80157","display_name":"Temperament","level":3,"score":0.8429697155952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4368945","display_name":"Novelty seeking","level":4,"score":0.801539421081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659011","display_name":"Harm avoidance","level":4,"score":0.7971111536026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7183943390846252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.7115340232849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.5640754699707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778699373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187611","display_name":"Temperament and Character Inventory","level":4,"score":0.5483910441398621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179184181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7319030","display_name":"Reward dependence","level":5,"score":0.5191056728363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.49515071511268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170389","display_name":"Persistence (discontinuity)","level":2,"score":0.4750649631023407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4559288024902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.4392305016517639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.4237537384033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.4127393364906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17344799637794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14123177528381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.11771824955940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.061753302812576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4359722","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4359722/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4359722/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3325016","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4359722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25780372","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25780372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.802.8630","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.802.8630","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/95/33/ijpbs-8-028.PMC4359722.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2123215804","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25780372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4359722","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4359722/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4359722/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2123215804.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2123215804.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69658355","https://openalex.org/W1581945700","https://openalex.org/W1968733405","https://openalex.org/W1975083762","https://openalex.org/W1979134083","https://openalex.org/W1989844817","https://openalex.org/W2050191736","https://openalex.org/W2062780729","https://openalex.org/W2086720159","https://openalex.org/W2100441114","https://openalex.org/W2105346851","https://openalex.org/W2110634897","https://openalex.org/W2129284833","https://openalex.org/W2130583928","https://openalex.org/W2130685980","https://openalex.org/W2988163967","https://openalex.org/W3107560836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096252268","https://openalex.org/W2103047614","https://openalex.org/W6999249160","https://openalex.org/W2730341999","https://openalex.org/W2102534913","https://openalex.org/W1709797476","https://openalex.org/W2444107278","https://openalex.org/W2055991404","https://openalex.org/W3026797211","https://openalex.org/W3209894321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,51],"aim":[2],"was":[3,58],"to":[4,57],"determine":[5],"how":[6],"personality":[7],"of":[8,18,31],"major":[9],"depressive":[10],"disorder":[11,21],"(MDD)":[12],"patients":[13,32,125],"is":[14],"different":[15],"from":[16,111],"that":[17,54],"bipolar":[19],"II":[20],"(BIID)":[22],"patients.":[23],"METHODS:":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"cross-sectional":[27],"study,":[28],"two":[29,88,103],"groups":[30,104],"with":[33,73],"MDD":[34,124],"(47":[35],"patients)":[36,40],"and":[37,43,49,60,69,80,95,116],"BIID":[38,112],"(45":[39],"between":[41,86,101],"18":[42],"55":[44],"years":[45],"old":[46],"were":[47],"included":[48],"compared.":[50],"research":[52],"instrument":[53],"subjects":[55],"answered":[56],"Temperament":[59],"Characteristic":[61],"Inventory-125-R.":[62],"RESULTS:":[63],"Among":[64,91],"temperament":[65],"dimensions,":[66,93],"novelty":[67],"seeking,":[68],"reward-dependently":[70],"in":[71],"contrast":[72],"other":[74],"traits":[75],"such":[76],"as":[77],"harm":[78],"avoidance":[79],"persistence":[81],"showed":[82],"a":[83,98],"significant":[84,99],"difference":[85,100],"the":[87,102,133],"studied":[89],"groups.":[90],"characteristic":[92],"self-direction":[94],"self-transcendence":[96],"demonstrated":[97],"(p":[105],"<":[106],"0.005).":[107],"CONCLUSION:":[108],"Patients":[109],"suffering":[110],"are":[113,117],"sensation":[114],"seeker":[115],"motivated":[118],"by":[119],"stimulates":[120],"more":[121,130,135],"often":[122],"than":[123],"are.":[126],"They":[127],"feel":[128],"euphoria":[129],"and,":[131],"find":[132],"world":[134],"stimulating.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
