{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123075465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.27349","title":"Tuning the energy gap of conjugated polymer zwitterions for efficient interlayers and solar cells","display_name":"Tuning the energy gap of conjugated polymer zwitterions for efficient interlayers and solar cells","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123075465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.27349","mag":"2123075465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pola.27349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.27349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.27349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92465984","display_name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry","issn_l":"0887-624X","issn":["0887-624X","1099-0518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015417245","display_name":"Zachariah A. Page","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-5422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-5422"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachariah A. Page","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, University of Massachusetts Amherst 01003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, University of Massachusetts Amherst 01003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415288","display_name":"Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-8512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-8512","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0317-3455","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4224-4277","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1506-1143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, University of Massachusetts Amherst 01003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, University of Massachusetts Amherst 01003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029685348","display_name":"Thomas P. Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-5826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-5826","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-7851"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas P. Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, University of Massachusetts Amherst 01003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, University of Massachusetts Amherst 01003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030195131","display_name":"Todd S. Emrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-1797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-1797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Todd Emrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, University of Massachusetts Amherst 01003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, University of Massachusetts Amherst 01003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030195131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":{"value":3200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84825973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"2","first_page":"327","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10660","display_name":"Conducting polymers and applications","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-gap-tuning","display_name":"band gap tuning","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suzuki-polymerization","display_name":"Suzuki polymerization","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diketopyrrolopyrrole","display_name":"diketopyrrolopyrrole","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isoindigo","display_name":"isoindigo","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlayer-engineering","display_name":"interlayer engineering","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-function-reduction","display_name":"work function reduction","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface-dipole","display_name":"interface dipole","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-solar-cells","display_name":"organic solar cells","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bulk-heterojunction","display_name":"bulk heterojunction","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"power conversion efficiency","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzothiadiazole","display_name":"benzothiadiazole","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ptb7-pc71bm","display_name":"PTB7:PC71BM","score":0.8299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66187686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Polymer solar cell","level":3,"score":0.7054297924041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170029824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421690","display_name":"PEDOT:PSS","level":3,"score":0.7018140554428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6161764860153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.5720120072364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44228677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181898","display_name":"Polymerization","level":3,"score":0.5036596655845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181966813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806352","display_name":"Band gap","level":2,"score":0.5026998519897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.49115654826164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4885726869106293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112613896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898370","display_name":"Conjugated system","level":3,"score":0.48733410239219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175708663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899559","display_name":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.476058691740036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.45831698179244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.45179203152656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166940927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178827","display_name":"Monomer","level":3,"score":0.44806164503097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.29347074031829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.23611849546432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1079966127872467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0605393648147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pola.27349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.27349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.27349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92465984","display_name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry","issn_l":"0887-624X","issn":["0887-624X","1099-0518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G479061559","display_name":"TAS::89 0227::TAS RECOVERY; RECOVERY ACT -  POLYMER-BASED MATERIALS FOR HARVESTING SOLAR ENERGY -- EFRC; PI - THOMAS RUSSELL","funder_award_id":"DESC0001087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967566967","https://openalex.org/W1968571822","https://openalex.org/W1970156621","https://openalex.org/W1972926018","https://openalex.org/W1989231757","https://openalex.org/W2003945084","https://openalex.org/W2017711752","https://openalex.org/W2023448800","https://openalex.org/W2025344514","https://openalex.org/W2027575005","https://openalex.org/W2030106935","https://openalex.org/W2030782971","https://openalex.org/W2033562953","https://openalex.org/W2035275238","https://openalex.org/W2039005502","https://openalex.org/W2040410742","https://openalex.org/W2042654531","https://openalex.org/W2042958895","https://openalex.org/W2046746459","https://openalex.org/W2048809702","https://openalex.org/W2055717315","https://openalex.org/W2058170662","https://openalex.org/W2065408502","https://openalex.org/W2067472967","https://openalex.org/W2074311615","https://openalex.org/W2074657946","https://openalex.org/W2082306860","https://openalex.org/W2085295834","https://openalex.org/W2085881930","https://openalex.org/W2091689514","https://openalex.org/W2096320304","https://openalex.org/W2097795991","https://openalex.org/W2105097003","https://openalex.org/W2105457180","https://openalex.org/W2112580641","https://openalex.org/W2115420919","https://openalex.org/W2115637275","https://openalex.org/W2126273119","https://openalex.org/W2127508382","https://openalex.org/W2129021909","https://openalex.org/W2131163110","https://openalex.org/W2131628185","https://openalex.org/W2143613833","https://openalex.org/W2149976249","https://openalex.org/W2158112668","https://openalex.org/W2164276829","https://openalex.org/W2171058302","https://openalex.org/W2314468468","https://openalex.org/W2330991925","https://openalex.org/W2332614239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245041174","https://openalex.org/W1936416185","https://openalex.org/W4210763159","https://openalex.org/W6981237633","https://openalex.org/W2126273119","https://openalex.org/W4289637370","https://openalex.org/W2789361519","https://openalex.org/W2792665393","https://openalex.org/W2784056461","https://openalex.org/W1989231757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Narrow":[1],"band":[2],"gap":[3,60],"conjugated":[4],"polymer":[5,146],"zwitterions":[6,87],"(CPZs)":[7],"were":[8,31],"synthesized":[9],"by":[10],"Suzuki":[11],"polymerization":[12],"and":[13,20,36,96],"characterized":[14],"to":[15,68,93,117,127],"understand":[16],"their":[17],"electronic":[18],"properties":[19],"utility":[21],"as":[22,77,148],"cathode":[23],"modification":[24],"layers":[25,79],"in":[26,50,120,156],"solar":[27],"cells.":[28],"The":[29,143],"polymers":[30],"prepared":[32],"from":[33,45,66],"diketopyrrolopyrrole":[34],"(DPP)":[35],"iso\u2010indigo":[37],"monomers":[38],"containing":[39],"sulfobetaine":[40],"(SB)":[41],"pendant":[42],"groups,":[43],"benefiting":[44],"an":[46,89,151],"ion\u2010rich":[47],"aqueous":[48],"phase":[49],"the":[51,57,63,75,85,94],"polymerizations.":[52],"UV\u2013vis":[53],"absorption":[54],"spectroscopy":[55,73],"revealed":[56],"optical":[58],"energy":[59],"value":[61],"for":[62,136,141],"CPZs,":[64],"ranging":[65],"1.7":[67],"1.2":[69],"eV.":[70,103],"Ultraviolet":[71],"photoelectron":[72],"of":[74,101,114,154],"CPZs":[76],"thin":[78],"on":[80,164],"Ag":[81,131,138,166],"metal":[82,95],"showed":[83],"that":[84],"pendent":[86],"impart":[88],"interfacial":[90],"dipole":[91],"(\u0394)":[92],"a":[97,107,157,165],"work":[98],"function":[99],"reduction":[100],"\u223c0.9":[102],"OPVs":[104],"fabricated":[105,163],"using":[106],"conventional":[108,158],"bulk":[109],"heterojunction":[110],"(BHJ)":[111],"device":[112,161],"architecture":[113,162],"ITO/PEDOT:PSS/(PTB7:PC71BM)/CPZ/Ag":[115],"led":[116],"dramatic":[118],"improvements":[119],"power":[121],"conversion":[122],"efficiency":[123],"(PCE)":[124],"values":[125],"relative":[126],"devices":[128],"having":[129],"bare":[130,137],"cathodes":[132],"(PCE":[133],"<":[134],"2%":[135],"vs.":[139],"6.7\u20137.7%":[140],"CPZ/Ag).":[142],"benzothiadiazole":[144],"(BT)/DPP":[145],"denoted":[147],"PT2BTDPPSB":[149],"gave":[150],"optimal":[152],"PCE":[153],"7.7%":[155],"BHJ":[159],"OPV":[160],"cathode.":[167],"\u00a9":[168],"2014":[169],"Wiley":[170],"Periodicals,":[171],"Inc.":[172],"J.":[173],"Polym.":[174,178],"Sci.,":[175],"Part":[176],"A:":[177],"Chem.":[179],"2015,":[180],"53,":[181],"327\u2013336":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}