{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122855951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.12.7070","title":"Recognition of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) by Autoantibodies from Different GAD Antibody-Positive Phenotypes1","display_name":"Recognition of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) by Autoantibodies from Different GAD Antibody-Positive Phenotypes1","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122855951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.12.7070","mag":"2122855951","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11134126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1210/jcem.85.12.7070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.12.7070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.12.7070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205775358","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","issn_l":"0021-972X","issn":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036401896","display_name":"Christiane S. Hampe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9111-6671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9111-6671"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christiane S. Hampe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine (C.S.H., L.P.H., L.B., A\u030a.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine (C.S.H., L.P.H., L.B., A\u030a.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002236636","display_name":"Lisa P. Hammerle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa P. Hammerle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine (C.S.H., L.P.H., L.B., A\u030a.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine (C.S.H., L.P.H., L.B., A\u030a.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108435521","display_name":"Lynn M. Bekris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2747-7672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2747-7672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynn Bekris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine (C.S.H., L.P.H., L.B., A\u030a.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine (C.S.H., L.P.H., L.B., A\u030a.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081200857","display_name":"Eva \u00d6rtqvist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6924-704X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6924-704X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva O\u0308rtqvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Woman and Child Health (E.O\u0308., B.P.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Woman and Child Health (E.O\u0308., B.P.)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070458733","display_name":"Ingrid  Skelton Kockum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0867-4726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0867-4726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid Kockum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Medicine, Clinical Genetics (I.K.), Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Clinical Genetics (I.K.), Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085215443","display_name":"Olov Rolandsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-6828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-6828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olov Rolandsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (O.R.), Umea\u030a University, 901 87 Umea\u030a, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (O.R.), Umea\u030a University, 901 87 Umea\u030a, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080534060","display_name":"Mona Landin\u2010Olsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-9112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-9112"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137844","display_name":"Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02z31g829","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137844"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mona Landin-Olsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine (M.L.-O., C.T.), University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine (M.L.-O., C.T.), University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006680848","display_name":"Carina T\u00f6rn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-2633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-2633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137844","display_name":"Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02z31g829","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137844"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carina To\u0308rn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine (M.L.-O., C.T.), University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine (M.L.-O., C.T.), University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bengt Persson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bengt Persson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Woman and Child Health (E.O\u0308., B.P.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Woman and Child Health (E.O\u0308., B.P.)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008841181","display_name":"\u00c5ke Lernmark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0499","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A\u030ake Lernmark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine (C.S.H., L.P.H., L.B., A\u030a.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine (C.S.H., L.P.H., L.B., A\u030a.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9164,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90608359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"12","first_page":"4671","last_page":"4679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11627","display_name":"Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamic-acid-decarboxylase","display_name":"glutamic acid decarboxylase","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gad65-autoantibodies","display_name":"GAD65 antibodies","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gad67","display_name":"GAD67","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-terminal-epitope","display_name":"N-terminal epitope","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-degree-relatives","display_name":"first-degree relatives","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9497952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419650","display_name":"Glutamate decarboxylase","level":3,"score":0.9101389646530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195616568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128711","display_name":"Epitope","level":3,"score":0.8953767418861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163764329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785022","display_name":"Autoantibody","level":3,"score":0.8697800636291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.6075201034545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5479238033294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5229297876358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5168895721435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360","display_name":"Autoimmunity","level":3,"score":0.47393375635147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.46617746353149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.41223087906837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3409656882286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3399862051010132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3224591016769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.3198856711387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.19825401902198792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000918","descriptor_name":"Antibody Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000939","descriptor_name":"Epitopes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001323","descriptor_name":"Autoantibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005968","descriptor_name":"Glutamate Decarboxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007527","descriptor_name":"Isoenzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011863","descriptor_name":"Radioimmunoassay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1210/jcem.85.12.7070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.12.7070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.12.7070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205775358","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","issn_l":"0021-972X","issn":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11134126","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11134126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2304396243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DK 42 654","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G372127786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DK 53004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G411541712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DK-26190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6216217890","display_name":"Islet Cell Membrane Antibodies in Diabetes","funder_award_id":"R01DK026190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6434208639","display_name":"DIABETES IN THE 15-34 YEAR OLD","funder_award_id":"5r01dk042654-08","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491849748","https://openalex.org/W1972182005","https://openalex.org/W1978885851","https://openalex.org/W1980705644","https://openalex.org/W1981009470","https://openalex.org/W1982544710","https://openalex.org/W1983864650","https://openalex.org/W1985881712","https://openalex.org/W1987913280","https://openalex.org/W2006787271","https://openalex.org/W2009788912","https://openalex.org/W2012293963","https://openalex.org/W2016264613","https://openalex.org/W2024199579","https://openalex.org/W2032747194","https://openalex.org/W2037020524","https://openalex.org/W2053103139","https://openalex.org/W2059144476","https://openalex.org/W2069585944","https://openalex.org/W2071472322","https://openalex.org/W2072652145","https://openalex.org/W2075413718","https://openalex.org/W2082223671","https://openalex.org/W2084370033","https://openalex.org/W2088888888","https://openalex.org/W2092246706","https://openalex.org/W2113093880","https://openalex.org/W2114047926","https://openalex.org/W2115203943","https://openalex.org/W2128718528","https://openalex.org/W2145658453","https://openalex.org/W2150378753","https://openalex.org/W2151688741","https://openalex.org/W2161122681","https://openalex.org/W2167340154","https://openalex.org/W2406516982","https://openalex.org/W4237677496","https://openalex.org/W4245007300","https://openalex.org/W6667833044","https://openalex.org/W6826671778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245531498","https://openalex.org/W7098196131","https://openalex.org/W2069585944","https://openalex.org/W2022878852","https://openalex.org/W2010098693","https://openalex.org/W2034787026","https://openalex.org/W2150378753","https://openalex.org/W1964528672","https://openalex.org/W1996953819","https://openalex.org/W2135525868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autoantibodies":[0],"against":[1],"the":[2,21,55,157,169,183],"smaller":[3],"isoform":[4],"of":[5,30,49,79,119,160],"glutamic":[6],"acid":[7],"decarboxylase":[8],"(GAD)":[9],"are":[10],"markers":[11],"for":[12,103,174],"Type":[13,32,58,80,136,190],"1":[14,33,59,81,137,191],"diabetes.":[15],"GAD65":[16,95,107,125,161],"autoantibody":[17],"(GAD65Ab)-positive":[18],"individuals":[19,69,148],"in":[20,180],"general":[22],"population":[23],"are,":[24],"however,":[25],"mostly":[26],"at":[27],"low":[28],"risk":[29],"developing":[31],"diabetes,":[34],"suggesting":[35],"that":[36,57,92,168,189],"GAD65Ab":[37,197],"phenotypes":[38,91],"may":[39],"be":[40],"associated":[41,194],"with":[42,195],"different":[43,94,114],"underlying":[44],"pathogenic":[45],"processes.":[46],"The":[47],"aim":[48],"this":[50],"study":[51],"was":[52],"to":[53,106,123,156,163,178,182],"test":[54],"hypothesis":[56],"diabetes":[60,82,138,192],"patients":[61,83,139],"(n":[62,70,84],"=":[63,71,85],"243;":[64],"group":[65,73,87],"I),":[66],"GAD65Ab-positive":[67],"healthy":[68,76,147],"28;":[72],"II),":[74],"and":[75,108,126,149,162],"first-degree":[77,150],"relatives":[78],"41;":[86],"III)":[88],"have":[89],"antibody":[90,176],"recognize":[93],"epitopes.":[96],"Sera":[97],"from":[98],"groups":[99],"I-III":[100],"were":[101],"tested":[102],"their":[104],"binding":[105,145,155,177],"GAD67,":[109],"as":[110,112],"well":[111],"six":[113],"GAD65/67":[115],"fusion":[116],"proteins.":[117],"Regardless":[118],"group,":[120],"sera":[121],"reactive":[122],"both":[124],"GAD67":[127],"showed":[128,140],"broader":[129],"epitope":[130,144,198],"reactivity":[131],"than":[132,146],"GAD65-specific":[133],"sera.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"a":[141],"more":[142],"restricted":[143,196],"relatives,":[151],"demonstrating":[152],"significantly":[153],"less":[154],"N-terminal":[158,170],"part":[159,171],"GAD67.":[164],"Our":[165],"analysis":[166],"demonstrates":[167],"is":[172,187,193],"essential":[173],"full":[175],"GAD65,":[179],"particular,":[181],"middle":[184],"epitope.":[185],"It":[186],"suggested":[188],"specificity.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
