{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122503539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/747/1/38","title":"A DIRECT METHOD TO DETERMINE THE PARALLEL MEAN FREE PATH OF SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES WITH ADIABATIC FOCUSING","display_name":"A DIRECT METHOD TO DETERMINE THE PARALLEL MEAN FREE PATH OF SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES WITH ADIABATIC FOCUSING","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122503539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/747/1/38","mag":"2122503539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0004-637x/747/1/38","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/747/1/38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/747/1/38","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/747/1/38/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/747/1/38/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041635394","display_name":"Hui He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-4923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-4923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.-Q. He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; hqhe@mail.iggcas.ac.cn, wanw@mail.iggcas.ac.cn","Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; hqhe@mail.iggcas.ac.cn, wanw@mail.iggcas.ac.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037227927","display_name":"Weixing Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-5115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-5115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; hqhe@mail.iggcas.ac.cn, wanw@mail.iggcas.ac.cn","Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; hqhe@mail.iggcas.ac.cn, wanw@mail.iggcas.ac.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.666,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88694598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"747","issue":"1","first_page":"38","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energetic-particles","display_name":"solar energetic particles","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adiabatic-focusing","display_name":"adiabatic focusing","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-diffusion-coefficient","display_name":"parallel diffusion coefficient","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-wind","display_name":"solar wind","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heliosphere","display_name":"heliosphere","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-weather-forecasting","display_name":"space weather forecasting","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energetic-particle-transport","display_name":"energetic particle transport","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-events","display_name":"solar events","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-form-expressions","display_name":"closed-form expressions","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109663097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182453","display_name":"Adiabatic process","level":2,"score":0.860568642616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8216161131858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54834619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131687","display_name":"Heliosphere","level":4,"score":0.6011744737625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168986899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307","display_name":"Mean free path","level":3,"score":0.5927008986473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.5456148386001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151325931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584093","display_name":"Space weather","level":2,"score":0.4770176410675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.45032799243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4484902024269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3742286264896393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.32066214084625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.2514083683490753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1548541784286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.13126814365386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.12173211574554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.08574753999710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08571186661720276}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0004-637x/747/1/38","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/747/1/38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/747/1/38","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/747/1/38/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0004-637x/747/1/38","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/747/1/38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/747/1/38","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/747/1/38/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4286825122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011CB811405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5605540789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011CB811405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5932661043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41131066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6227776463","display_name":"\u4e2d\u4f4e\u7eac\u7535\u79bb\u5c42-\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u52a8\u529b\u8026\u5408\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41131066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2122503539.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2122503539.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499471702","https://openalex.org/W1963701191","https://openalex.org/W1964022971","https://openalex.org/W1972229859","https://openalex.org/W1999440798","https://openalex.org/W2018673889","https://openalex.org/W2018819045","https://openalex.org/W2018827598","https://openalex.org/W2023014020","https://openalex.org/W2029955914","https://openalex.org/W2031277212","https://openalex.org/W2038793293","https://openalex.org/W2043594488","https://openalex.org/W2043900656","https://openalex.org/W2044591190","https://openalex.org/W2045270938","https://openalex.org/W2045483269","https://openalex.org/W2054796185","https://openalex.org/W2055074411","https://openalex.org/W2062540206","https://openalex.org/W2073355637","https://openalex.org/W2081674773","https://openalex.org/W2085506296","https://openalex.org/W2087364146","https://openalex.org/W2090289070","https://openalex.org/W2093905349","https://openalex.org/W2119405834","https://openalex.org/W2126796130","https://openalex.org/W2130715950","https://openalex.org/W2141393437","https://openalex.org/W2145854925","https://openalex.org/W2158226140","https://openalex.org/W2498125070","https://openalex.org/W2979559266","https://openalex.org/W3101472739","https://openalex.org/W4242766879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3043746092","https://openalex.org/W2752876753","https://openalex.org/W2983489884","https://openalex.org/W2025153207","https://openalex.org/W4281789288","https://openalex.org/W3126155248","https://openalex.org/W4237598330","https://openalex.org/W3011684266","https://openalex.org/W1504170702","https://openalex.org/W2063330400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"parallel":[1,64,108,147,197,214],"mean":[2,65,85,148,198,215],"free":[3,66,149,199,216],"path":[4,67,150,200],"of":[5,16,22,37,68,98,106,130,136,151,158,186,207,213],"solar":[6,23,72,90,139,210],"energetic":[7,39],"particles":[8,40],"(SEPs),":[9],"which":[10],"is":[11,25,54,92],"determined":[12],"by":[13,81,169],"physical":[14,134,205],"properties":[15,135,206],"SEPs":[17,69,137,152,208],"as":[18,20,127],"well":[19],"those":[21],"wind,":[24],"a":[26,58,71,82,123,128,176],"very":[27,177],"important":[28,93],"parameter":[29],"in":[30,41,88,118,161,180],"space":[31,46,50,181],"physics":[32],"to":[33,56,61,94,141],"study":[34],"the":[35,42,63,76,89,95,107,133,146,159,162,187,192,196],"transport":[36,96],"charged":[38],"heliosphere,":[43],"especially":[44],"for":[45,70],"weather":[47,51,182],"forecasting.":[48],"In":[49,74],"practice,":[52],"it":[53],"necessary":[55],"find":[57],"quick":[59],"approach":[60],"obtain":[62],"event.":[73],"addition,":[75],"adiabatic":[77,112,154,221],"focusing":[78,222],"effect":[79],"caused":[80],"spatially":[83],"varying":[84],"magnetic":[86],"field":[87],"system":[91],"processes":[97],"SEPs.":[99],"Recently,":[100],"Shalchi":[101],"presented":[102],"an":[103],"analytical":[104,125,163],"description":[105],"diffusion":[109],"coefficient":[110],"with":[111,153,218],"focusing.":[113,155],"Based":[114],"on":[115],"Shalchi's":[116],"results,":[117],"this":[119,171],"paper":[120],"we":[121,190],"provide":[122],"direct":[124,172,188],"formula":[126,164],"function":[129],"parameters":[131,203],"concerning":[132,204],"and":[138,143,201,209,219],"wind":[140],"directly":[142,167],"quickly":[144],"determine":[145],"Since":[156],"all":[157],"quantities":[160],"can":[165],"be":[166,175],"observed":[168],"spacecraft,":[170],"method":[173],"would":[174],"useful":[178],"tool":[179],"research.":[183],"As":[184],"applications":[185],"method,":[189],"investigate":[191],"inherent":[193],"relations":[194],"between":[195],"various":[202],"wind.":[211],"Comparisons":[212],"paths":[217],"without":[220],"are":[223],"also":[224],"presented.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
