{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122425884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393428","title":"Morphological Development of Oxygen Bubbles in Anodic Alumina","display_name":"Morphological Development of Oxygen Bubbles in Anodic Alumina","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122425884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393428","mag":"2122425884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1149/1.1393428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138759888","display_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","issn_l":"0013-4651","issn":["0013-4651","1945-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081805812","display_name":"Xiaorong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-3997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-3997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corrosion and Protection Centre, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom","University of Manchester\u00a0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corrosion and Protection Centre, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109028996","display_name":"George Edward Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-1161","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-1161"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. E. Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corrosion and Protection Centre, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom","University of Manchester\u00a0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corrosion and Protection Centre, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086413880","display_name":"H. Habazaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7172-8811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7172-8811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152242","display_name":"Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/04664mr26","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933","https://openalex.org/I4387152242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Habazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-77, Japan","Tohoku Univ.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-77, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933","https://openalex.org/I4387152242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku Univ.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075523935","display_name":"Maritza Angelica Paez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-884X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-884X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10457146","display_name":"Universidad de Santiago de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma57s91","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10457146"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. A. Paez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Quimica de los Materiales, Facultad de Quimica y Biologia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile","Chemistry of Materials"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Quimica de los Materiales, Facultad de Quimica y Biologia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10457146"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemistry of Materials","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106080826","display_name":"K. Shimizu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-8098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-8098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Shimizu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Chemical Laboratory, Keio University, Yokohama 223, Japan","Keio Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Chemical Laboratory, Keio University, Yokohama 223, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109117003","display_name":"Peter Skeldon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Skeldon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corrosion and Protection Centre, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom","University of Manchester\u00a0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corrosion and Protection Centre, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109410808","display_name":"Graham Charles Wood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. C. Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corrosion and Protection Centre, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom","University of Manchester\u00a0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corrosion and Protection Centre, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0602,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72430211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"147","issue":"5","first_page":"1747","last_page":"1747"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12340","display_name":"Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12340","display_name":"Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10736","display_name":"Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-bubbles","display_name":"oxygen bubbles","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anodic-alumina","display_name":"anodic alumina","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anodization","display_name":"anodic oxidation","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/al-cu-alloy","display_name":"Al-Cu alloy","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble-nucleation","display_name":"bubble nucleation","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble-coalescence","display_name":"bubble coalescence","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-volume","display_name":"free volume","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-transport","display_name":"ion transport","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface-roughness","display_name":"interface roughness","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxide-film-growth","display_name":"oxide film growth","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61048295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909022","display_name":"Nucleation","level":2,"score":0.7986859083175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7274497151374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.5897800326347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149792144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071902","display_name":"Coalescence (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5737056732177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56052488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103382","display_name":"Amorphous solid","level":2,"score":0.5496715307235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146088050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744818","display_name":"Transmission electron microscopy","level":2,"score":0.5190566182136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22016385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567502","display_name":"Anodizing","level":3,"score":0.4866946041584015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.45788705348968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.44354063272476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.43262606859207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3852154612541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.37659940123558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.36160096526145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.35781949758529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.30233234167099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.26525455713272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15858975052833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08902189135551453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1149/1.1393428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138759888","display_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","issn_l":"0013-4651","issn":["0013-4651","1945-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976666906","https://openalex.org/W2087016094","https://openalex.org/W1976788555","https://openalex.org/W2016793847","https://openalex.org/W2014742200","https://openalex.org/W2021480684","https://openalex.org/W3017316276","https://openalex.org/W2798190838","https://openalex.org/W2000746606","https://openalex.org/W2019153646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40,110,134,162],"morphological":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,26,33,42,50,58,84,95,105,130,143,154],"oxygen":[4],"bubbles":[5,35,44,107],"in":[6,36,52,124],"amorphous,":[7],"anodic":[8,60],"alumina":[9,64],"is":[10,45],"examined":[11],"during":[12],"anodizing":[13],"an":[14],"Al\u20101":[15],"atom":[16],"%":[17],"Cu":[18],"alloy.":[19],"Using":[20],"transmission":[21],"electron":[22],"microscopy,":[23],"a":[24,66,140],"sequence":[25],"stripped":[27],"films":[28],"reveals":[29],"the":[30,37,43,48,53,59,63,70,89,96,100],"dynamic":[31],"evolution":[32],"numerous":[34],"thickening":[38],"film.":[39,90],"formation":[41],"associated":[46],"with":[47,127,136],"enrichment":[49],"copper":[51],"alloy":[54],"due":[55],"to":[56,88,99,139,147,152],"growth":[57,94,104],"oxide.":[61],"Evidently":[62],"exhibits":[65],"liquid\u2010like":[67],"behavior":[68],"under":[69],"electric":[71],"field,":[72],"assisted":[73],"by":[74],"inherent":[75],"free\u2010volume,":[76],"which":[77,112,150],"accommodates":[78],"nucleation,":[79],"growth,":[80],"clustering,":[81],"and":[82,157],"coalescence":[83],"bubbles,":[85,111,135],"without":[86],"damage":[87],"Bubbles":[91],"nucleate":[92],"throughout":[93],"film,":[97],"close":[98],"alloy/film":[101],"interface,":[102],"but":[103],"pre\u2010existing":[106],"appears":[108],"favored.":[109],"number":[113],"about":[114],"1":[115],"\u00d7":[116],"10":[117],"14":[118],"m":[119],"\u2212":[120],"2":[121],",":[122],"are":[123,145],"pressure":[125],"equilibrium,":[126],"typical":[128],"pressures":[129],"several":[131],"hundred":[132],"megapascals.":[133],"dimensions":[137],"up":[138],"few":[141],"tens":[142],"nanometers,":[144],"obstacles":[146],"ionic":[148],"transport,":[149],"leads":[151],"nonuniformity":[153],"film":[155],"thickness":[156],"interfacial":[158],"roughness.":[159],"\u00a9":[160],"2000":[161],"Electrochemical":[163],"Society.":[164],"All":[165],"rights":[166],"reserved.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}