{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121968767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000082107","title":"Proinflammatory T-cell responses to gut microbiota promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","display_name":"Proinflammatory T-cell responses to gut microbiota promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121968767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000082107","mag":"2121968767","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20660719","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3063590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1000082107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000082107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000082107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3063590","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042064644","display_name":"Yun Kyung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3437-5137","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3437-5137","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0742-4685"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Kyung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and","Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103126325","display_name":"Juscilene S. Menezes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-298X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-298X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juscilene S. Menezes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002650687","display_name":"Yoshinori Umesaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-9187","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-9187"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153337","display_name":"Yakult Central Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcc2383","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153337"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshinori Umesaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053569958","display_name":"Sarkis K. Mazmanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2713-1513","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2713-1513"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarkis K. Mazmanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.7696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1387,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99883102,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"108","issue":"supplement_1","first_page":"4615","last_page":"4622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.17759999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.08259999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-microbiota","display_name":"gut microbiota","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis","display_name":"experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"multiple sclerosis","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germ-free-mice","display_name":"germ-free mice","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmented-filamentous-bacteria","display_name":"segmented filamentous bacteria","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-t-cells","display_name":"regulatory T cells","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th17-cells","display_name":"Th17 cells","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-17a","display_name":"IL-17A","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dendritic-cells","display_name":"dendritic cells","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commensal-bacteria","display_name":"commensal bacteria","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmunity","display_name":"autoimmunity","score":0.7630000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778486448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494066","display_name":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","level":3,"score":0.8379678130149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.7959021925926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.74370276927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.6501380205154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426188","display_name":"FOXP3","level":3,"score":0.6434668898582458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94562577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878487","display_name":"Segmented filamentous bacteria","level":4,"score":0.6343823075294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6298088431358337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6168078184127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.5546367764472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360","display_name":"Autoimmunity","level":3,"score":0.5027737617492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778296632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550619","display_name":"Regulatory T cell","level":5,"score":0.4871827960014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.47940751910209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779075594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084905","display_name":"Autoimmune disease","level":3,"score":0.43489977717399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.38693422079086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79484868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5971673","display_name":"IL-2 receptor","level":4,"score":0.24900296330451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.05816921591758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777730692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815353","display_name":"Activated sludge","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003713","descriptor_name":"Dendritic Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004681","descriptor_name":"Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004681","descriptor_name":"Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004797","descriptor_name":"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005856","descriptor_name":"Germ-Free Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007371","descriptor_name":"Interferon-gamma","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007422","descriptor_name":"Intestines","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020381","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-17","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050378","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051858","descriptor_name":"Forkhead Transcription Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058504","descriptor_name":"Th17 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1000082107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000082107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000082107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2177946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3063590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:20660719","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20660719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3063590","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3063590/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:23249","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/23249/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2177946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3063590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312636","display_name":"Weston Havens Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03xtn0506"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313698","display_name":"Edward Mallinckrodt, Jr. Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/035yf7a66"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27886363","https://openalex.org/W1963769931","https://openalex.org/W1965727970","https://openalex.org/W1972120975","https://openalex.org/W1999768705","https://openalex.org/W2004774173","https://openalex.org/W2004774344","https://openalex.org/W2009701030","https://openalex.org/W2021501772","https://openalex.org/W2034082915","https://openalex.org/W2035506432","https://openalex.org/W2041136224","https://openalex.org/W2051529467","https://openalex.org/W2054310793","https://openalex.org/W2064625610","https://openalex.org/W2072417345","https://openalex.org/W2082062343","https://openalex.org/W2082454381","https://openalex.org/W2087560225","https://openalex.org/W2090925778","https://openalex.org/W2096285630","https://openalex.org/W2096618637","https://openalex.org/W2102179492","https://openalex.org/W2106689062","https://openalex.org/W2106829739","https://openalex.org/W2107300453","https://openalex.org/W2107369528","https://openalex.org/W2112999168","https://openalex.org/W2114299067","https://openalex.org/W2116444479","https://openalex.org/W2120472610","https://openalex.org/W2122722718","https://openalex.org/W2124990610","https://openalex.org/W2139113477","https://openalex.org/W2142017607","https://openalex.org/W2142305564","https://openalex.org/W2143827807","https://openalex.org/W2145336165","https://openalex.org/W2148067809","https://openalex.org/W2148226248","https://openalex.org/W2149573313","https://openalex.org/W2155779547","https://openalex.org/W2160281213","https://openalex.org/W2162012576","https://openalex.org/W2164047987","https://openalex.org/W2167519234","https://openalex.org/W2331216044","https://openalex.org/W2522939951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183490879","https://openalex.org/W3080459086","https://openalex.org/W2621722476","https://openalex.org/W2768084158","https://openalex.org/W2951045519","https://openalex.org/W3158827345","https://openalex.org/W2980067756","https://openalex.org/W1998766297","https://openalex.org/W4300690703","https://openalex.org/W2257730139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0,40],"the":[1,18,41,53,78,81,116,124,153,175,190,212,217],"effects":[2],"of":[3,37,43,57,83,115,231],"commensal":[4],"bacteria":[5,166,203,233],"on":[6],"intestinal":[7,213],"immune":[8,223],"development":[9],"seem":[10,48],"to":[11,34,49,155,170],"be":[12,50],"profound,":[13],"it":[14,60],"remains":[15],"speculative":[16],"whether":[17],"gut":[19,144,202,232],"microbiota":[20,79,214],"influences":[21],"extraintestinal":[22,239],"biological":[23],"functions.":[24],"Multiple":[25],"sclerosis":[26],"(MS)":[27],"is":[28,45,61,168],"a":[29,75,131],"devastating":[30],"autoimmune":[31,85],"disease":[32],"leading":[33],"progressive":[35],"deterioration":[36],"neurological":[38],"function.":[39],"cause":[42],"MS":[44],"unknown,":[46],"microorganisms":[47],"important":[51],"for":[52,77,91,110,238],"onset":[54],"and/or":[55],"progression":[56],"disease.":[58],"However,":[59],"unclear":[62],"how":[63],"microbial":[64],"colonization,":[65],"either":[66],"symbiotic":[67],"or":[68],"infectious,":[69],"affects":[70],"autoimmunity.":[71],"Herein,":[72],"we":[73,141,178],"investigate":[74],"role":[76],"during":[80,225],"induction":[82],"experimental":[84],"encephalomyelitis":[86],"(EAE),":[87],"an":[88],"animal":[89],"model":[90],"MS.":[92,244],"Mice":[93],"maintained":[94],"under":[95],"germ-free":[96,148,193],"conditions":[97],"develop":[98],"significantly":[99],"attenuated":[100],"EAE":[101,226],"compared":[102],"with":[103,163],"conventionally":[104],"colonized":[105],"mice.":[106],"Germ-free":[107],"animals,":[108],"induced":[109,183],"EAE,":[111,199],"produce":[112],"lower":[113],"levels":[114],"proinflammatory":[117,157],"cytokines":[118],"IFN-\u03b3":[119],"and":[120,126,221,227],"IL-17A":[121],"in":[122,134,152,174,189],"both":[123],"intestine":[125],"spinal":[127],"cord":[128],"but":[129],"display":[130],"reciprocal":[132],"increase":[133],"CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)":[135],"regulatory":[136],"T":[137,158,186],"cells":[138,146,187],"(Tregs).":[139],"Mechanistically,":[140],"show":[142,179],"that":[143,180,201,211,229],"dendritic":[145],"from":[147],"animals":[149,194],"are":[150],"reduced":[151],"ability":[154],"stimulate":[156],"cell":[159],"responses.":[160],"Intestinal":[161],"colonization":[162],"segmented":[164],"filamentous":[165],"(SFB)":[167],"known":[169],"promote":[171],"IL-17":[172],"production":[173],"gut;":[176],"here,":[177],"SFBs":[181,196],"also":[182],"IL-17A-producing":[184],"CD4(+)":[185],"(Th17)":[188],"CNS.":[191],"Remarkably,":[192],"harboring":[195],"alone":[197],"developed":[198],"showing":[200],"can":[204],"affect":[205],"neurologic":[206],"inflammation.":[207],"These":[208],"findings":[209],"reveal":[210],"profoundly":[215],"impacts":[216],"balance":[218],"between":[219],"pro-":[220],"antiinflammatory":[222],"responses":[224],"suggest":[228],"modulation":[230],"may":[234],"provide":[235],"therapeutic":[236],"targets":[237],"inflammatory":[240],"diseases":[241],"such":[242],"as":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":122},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":108},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":120},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":48}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
