{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121747166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.12.001","title":"How international are executive boards of European MNCs? Nationality diversity in 15 European countries","display_name":"How international are executive boards of European MNCs? Nationality diversity in 15 European countries","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121747166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.12.001","mag":"2121747166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.emj.2007.12.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.12.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.12.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105567970","display_name":"European Management Journal","issn_l":"0263-2373","issn":["0263-2373","1873-5681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Management Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009456731","display_name":"Kees van Veen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1144-776X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1144-776X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kees van Veen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands","SOM GEM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SOM GEM","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097796080","display_name":"Ilse Marsman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilse Marsman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009456731"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"apc_list":{"value":2160,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.27,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98054647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"188","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.46309998631477356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.46309998631477356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.3666999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.09769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-board","display_name":"executive board","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nationality-diversity","display_name":"nationality diversity","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporations","display_name":"multinational corporations","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-diversity","display_name":"board diversity","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance-regimes","display_name":"governance regimes","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"corporate governance","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-firms","display_name":"European firms","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.9006171226501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777138209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231002","display_name":"Nationality","level":3,"score":0.8351829051971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.7309087514877319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.7246859073638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6066861748695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780743171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383611","display_name":"Executive summary","level":2,"score":0.5522060394287109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.4843631684780121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993863779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188628","display_name":"Executive board","level":2,"score":0.47724103927612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28613373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219577","display_name":"Parent company","level":4,"score":0.4590005874633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.43917813897132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31136655807495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18538054823875427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126071100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658255","display_name":"Subsidiary","level":3,"score":0.12993279099464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.12368223071098328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.12106609344482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08473131060600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.05411142110824585}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.emj.2007.12.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.12.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.12.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105567970","display_name":"European Management Journal","issn_l":"0263-2373","issn":["0263-2373","1873-5681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Management Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/7c84f042-9462-4a2a-94da-5b61b4768301","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/7c84f042-9462-4a2a-94da-5b61b4768301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"van Veen, K & Marsman, I 2008, 'How international are executive boards of European MNCs: Nationality diversity in 15 European countries', European Management Journal, vol. 26, pp. 188-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.12.001","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:eurman:v:26:y:2008:i:3:p:188-198","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263237307001223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:rug:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/7c84f042-9462-4a2a-94da-5b61b4768301","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/7c84f042-9462-4a2a-94da-5b61b4768301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Management Journal, 26, 188 - 198. ELSEVIER SCI LTD","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.550000011920929}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W566196712","https://openalex.org/W597469150","https://openalex.org/W1568935405","https://openalex.org/W1571471337","https://openalex.org/W1580859844","https://openalex.org/W1621326857","https://openalex.org/W1976905796","https://openalex.org/W1987747157","https://openalex.org/W2005075565","https://openalex.org/W2005194316","https://openalex.org/W2011842142","https://openalex.org/W2078418031","https://openalex.org/W2093448687","https://openalex.org/W2099636784","https://openalex.org/W2103082687","https://openalex.org/W2106438879","https://openalex.org/W2109269663","https://openalex.org/W2126186544","https://openalex.org/W2140561604","https://openalex.org/W2148049298","https://openalex.org/W2163790439","https://openalex.org/W2166169761","https://openalex.org/W2168113627","https://openalex.org/W2260097826","https://openalex.org/W3123091495","https://openalex.org/W3124637875","https://openalex.org/W3125715642","https://openalex.org/W3144177013","https://openalex.org/W3145785669","https://openalex.org/W4299042027","https://openalex.org/W4300128667","https://openalex.org/W4302603052","https://openalex.org/W4388401282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2168113627","https://openalex.org/W1604766285","https://openalex.org/W131107022","https://openalex.org/W2597321325","https://openalex.org/W7009295846","https://openalex.org/W4385323778","https://openalex.org/W4205258162","https://openalex.org/W2776683596","https://openalex.org/W2275278335","https://openalex.org/W2593225181"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}