{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121000161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00582.x","title":"How did women count? A note on gender\u2010specific age heaping differences in the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries1","display_name":"How did women count? A note on gender\u2010specific age heaping differences in the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries1","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121000161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00582.x","mag":"2121000161","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22329066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00582.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00582.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00582.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165492527","display_name":"The Economic History Review","issn_l":"0013-0117","issn":["0013-0117","1468-0289"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Economic History Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030686750","display_name":"P\u00e9ter F\u00f6ldv\u00e1ri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-8810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-8810"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132735039","display_name":"University of Debrecen","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf66n48","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["HU","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PETER F\u00d6LDV\u00c1RI","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Debrecen, Utrecht University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Debrecen, Utrecht University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132735039","https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075203373","display_name":"Bas van Leeuwen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-5298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-5298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BAS VAN LEEUWEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free University, Utrecht University, University of Warwick"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University, Utrecht University, University of Warwick","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353","https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021876366","display_name":"Jieli van Leeuwen-Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-2675","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-2675"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132735039","display_name":"University of Debrecen","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf66n48","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["HU","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JIELI VAN LEEUWEN\u2010LI","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Debrecen, Utrecht University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Debrecen, Utrecht University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132735039","https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89459202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"1","first_page":"304","last_page":"313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.05290000140666962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-heaping","display_name":"age heaping","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-demography","display_name":"historical demography","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/married-women","display_name":"married women","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmarried-women","display_name":"unmarried women","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-at-marriage","display_name":"age at marriage","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-effects","display_name":"selection effects","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sixteenth-to-nineteenth-centuries","display_name":"sixteenth to nineteenth centuries","score":0.8289999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.5764474272727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.575177013874054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5519794225692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.41237694025039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21437707543373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.150854229927063}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004467","descriptor_name":"Economics","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005783","descriptor_name":"Gender Identity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014930","descriptor_name":"Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014930","descriptor_name":"Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014930","descriptor_name":"Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014933","descriptor_name":"Women's Rights","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014933","descriptor_name":"Women's Rights","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014933","descriptor_name":"Women's Rights","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014933","descriptor_name":"Women's Rights","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016387","descriptor_name":"Women's Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016387","descriptor_name":"Women's Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017533","descriptor_name":"Marital Status","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049669","descriptor_name":"History, 16th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049670","descriptor_name":"History, 17th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049671","descriptor_name":"History, 18th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00582.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00582.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00582.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165492527","display_name":"The Economic History Review","issn_l":"0013-0117","issn":["0013-0117","1468-0289"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Economic History Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22329066","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22329066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Economic history review","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:knaw:oai:pure.knaw.nl:publications/0d3a33a2-7dfe-4f1f-8f1e-ea2f52fe0efd","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.knaw.nl/portal/en/publications/0d3a33a2-7dfe-4f1f-8f1e-ea2f52fe0efd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Economic History Review, 65(1), 304 - 313. Wiley-Blackwell","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:ehsrev:v:65:y:2012:i:1:p:304-313","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00582.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ganymedesd.lib.unideb.hu:2437/115900","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2437/115900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402089","display_name":"University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132735039","host_organization_name":"University of Debrecen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"foly\u00f3iratcikk"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ganymedesd.lib.unideb.hu:2437/165154","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2437/165154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402089","display_name":"University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132735039","host_organization_name":"University of Debrecen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"foly\u00f3iratcikk"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.knaw.nl:openaire_cris_publications/0d3a33a2-7dfe-4f1f-8f1e-ea2f52fe0efd","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.knaw.nl/portal/en/publications/0d3a33a2-7dfe-4f1f-8f1e-ea2f52fe0efd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400439","display_name":"KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Foldvari, P, van Leeuwen, B & Li, J 2012, 'How did women count? A note on gender specific age heaping differences in the 16th-19th century', Economic History Review, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 304-313.","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.7307999730110168},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7307999730110168}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977573137","https://openalex.org/W1981241340","https://openalex.org/W1983339901","https://openalex.org/W1989448278","https://openalex.org/W2018271845","https://openalex.org/W2020437936","https://openalex.org/W2038681420","https://openalex.org/W2054538956","https://openalex.org/W2068893248","https://openalex.org/W2099268311","https://openalex.org/W2162484441","https://openalex.org/W2170848437","https://openalex.org/W2321157259","https://openalex.org/W2321485188","https://openalex.org/W2343114994","https://openalex.org/W2488843054","https://openalex.org/W2749470866","https://openalex.org/W2796050217","https://openalex.org/W3023499496","https://openalex.org/W3121426676","https://openalex.org/W3123143221","https://openalex.org/W4232890739","https://openalex.org/W4254016517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100759875","https://openalex.org/W3121426676","https://openalex.org/W2564567731","https://openalex.org/W4253250149","https://openalex.org/W7213768369","https://openalex.org/W3185308330","https://openalex.org/W7095528614","https://openalex.org/W4206018479","https://openalex.org/W2885874665","https://openalex.org/W2227380144"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"role":[1],"of":[2,14,70,77,108],"human":[3,15],"capital":[4,16],"in":[5,41],"economic":[6],"growth":[7],"is":[8,23,54,66],"now":[9],"largely":[10],"uncontested.":[11],"One":[12],"indicator":[13],"frequently":[17],"used":[18,30],"for":[19,59,94],"the":[20,82,87],"pre-1900":[21],"period":[22],"age":[24,110],"heaping,":[25],"which":[26],"has":[27],"been":[28],"increasingly":[29],"to":[31,75,90],"measure":[32],"gender-specific":[33],"differences.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36,97],"note,":[37],"we":[38],"find":[39,86],"that":[40,67,76],"some":[42],"historical":[43],"samples,":[44],"married":[45],"women":[46,71],"heap":[47],"significantly":[48],"less":[49],"than":[50],"unmarried":[51,118],"women.":[52,119],"This":[53],"still":[55],"true":[56],"after":[57],"correcting":[58],"possible":[60,64],"selection":[61],"effects.":[62],"A":[63],"explanation":[65],"a":[68,91,105],"percentage":[69],"adapted":[72],"their":[73,78],"ages":[74],"husbands,":[79],"hence":[80],"biasing":[81],"Whipple":[83],"index.":[84],"We":[85],"same":[88],"effect":[89],"lesser":[92],"extent":[93],"men.":[95],"Since":[96],"bias":[98],"differs":[99],"over":[100],"time":[101],"and":[102],"across":[103],"countries,":[104],"consistent":[106],"comparison":[107],"female":[109],"heaping":[111],"should":[112],"be":[113],"made":[114],"by":[115],"focusing":[116],"on":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
