{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120823084","doi":null,"title":"Coercive Theories of Meaning or Why Language Shouldn't Matter (So Much) to Philosophy","display_name":"Coercive Theories of Meaning or Why Language Shouldn't Matter (So Much) to Philosophy","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120823084","mag":"2120823084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/PIGCTO","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/PIGCTO","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/PIGCTO.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/PIGCTO.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082503593","display_name":"Charles R. Pigden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles Pigden","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082503593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Logic and Philosophy of Science","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Logic and Philosophy of Science","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12558","display_name":"Wittgensteinian philosophy and applications","score":0.03240000084042549,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-and-meaning","display_name":"language and meaning","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-determinism","display_name":"linguistic determinism","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newspeak","display_name":"Newspeak","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/george-orwell","display_name":"George Orwell","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friedrich-nietzsche","display_name":"Friedrich Nietzsche","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-and-ideology","display_name":"language and ideology","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-empiricism","display_name":"logical positivism","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-language","display_name":"philosophy of language","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quine","display_name":"Quine","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karl-popper","display_name":"Karl Popper","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurath-s-boat","display_name":"Neurath's boat","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hermeneutics","display_name":"hermeneutics","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-philosophy","display_name":"history of philosophy","score":0.3269999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.7083924412727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36790819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83368","display_name":"Empiricism","level":2,"score":0.654954195022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.6395390629768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.6323910355567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777611551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17951","display_name":"Jargon","level":2,"score":0.5898534059524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5368874669075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4260627031326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41426512598991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17613139748573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/PIGCTO","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/PIGCTO","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/PIGCTO.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/PIGCTO","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/PIGCTO","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2120823084","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/PIGCTO.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/PIGCTO","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/PIGCTO","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/PIGCTO.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2120823084.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2120823084.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8715909","https://openalex.org/W15432933","https://openalex.org/W379266602","https://openalex.org/W569683746","https://openalex.org/W941878206","https://openalex.org/W986099146","https://openalex.org/W1505053556","https://openalex.org/W1512629031","https://openalex.org/W1543138949","https://openalex.org/W1548746057","https://openalex.org/W1555138134","https://openalex.org/W1557995978","https://openalex.org/W1570047706","https://openalex.org/W1576632330","https://openalex.org/W1591422284","https://openalex.org/W1891479826","https://openalex.org/W1965462762","https://openalex.org/W1986293481","https://openalex.org/W2021469660","https://openalex.org/W2036855534","https://openalex.org/W2053690711","https://openalex.org/W2283187739","https://openalex.org/W2317267845","https://openalex.org/W2319138735","https://openalex.org/W2334017306","https://openalex.org/W2488107550","https://openalex.org/W2501680615","https://openalex.org/W2501788202","https://openalex.org/W2620237973","https://openalex.org/W2735256151","https://openalex.org/W2736204758","https://openalex.org/W2798804500","https://openalex.org/W2991080719","https://openalex.org/W3131613368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204340262","https://openalex.org/W583482364","https://openalex.org/W2041256150","https://openalex.org/W2503030034","https://openalex.org/W1966387405","https://openalex.org/W206657674","https://openalex.org/W406900631","https://openalex.org/W55399695","https://openalex.org/W2236211451","https://openalex.org/W4247035884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"couched":[0],"in":[1,47,51,61,66,86,353,390,456,464,485,516,519,754],"the":[2,20,23,48,62,67,72,84,91,107,126,150,166,170,251,254,279,298,305,321,331,343,403,418,451,486,514,524,529,541,546,550,569,579,585,593,619,635,640,660,678,682,728,732,744],"historical":[3],"mode.It":[4],"is":[5,18,177,207,250,338,358,470,477,532,648,734],"not":[6,157,253,289,482,627,764],"mannered":[7],"and":[8,37,78,90,146,184,218,235,271,300,327,330,370,401,429,438,497,564,568,615,666,708],"mandarin":[9],"enough":[10],"to":[11,58,123,140,149,208,246,291,304,310,367,375,385,413,556,608,618,658,673,694,715,751],"be":[12,31,59,138,222,348,414,462,483,508,606,695,765],"written":[13,60],"by":[14,212,409,417,425],"Quine.The":[15],"obvious":[16,735],"alternative":[17],"Popper.Yet":[19],"piece":[21],"lacks":[22],"faux":[24],"naif":[25],"blandness":[26],"of":[27,44,71,97,116,128,152,162,214,286,295,307,314,345,393,405,420,435,443,489,526,549,552,590,595,622,677,681,687,730,746],"Unended":[28],"Quest.It":[29],"might":[30],"culled":[32],"from":[33,164,193,239,258,342,472,479,513,535,633],"The":[34,154,624],"Open":[35],"Society":[36],"Its":[38],"Enemies,":[39],"which":[40,130,165,176,517,598,634,647,755],"includes":[41],"a":[42,143,159,173,187,293,334,339,379,394,611,629,643,663,667,685,691,705,709,724,752],"critique":[43],"positivist":[45],"dogma":[46],"notes,":[49],"but":[50,309,423,458,697],"that":[52,120,227,256,319,378],"case":[53],"one":[54,96,273],"would":[55,221],"expect":[56],"it":[57,281,459,656],"present":[63],"tense.After":[64],"all,":[65],"early":[68],"forties":[69],"most":[70],"logical":[73],"positivists":[74],"were":[75],"still":[76,79,95,454],"alive,":[77],"true":[80],"believers.Neurath":[81],"had":[82,323,555,767],"escaped":[83],"Nazis":[85],"an":[87,449,701],"open":[88],"boat,":[89],"universal":[92,586,613,620,631,637,645],"jargon":[93,587,614,621,632,638,646],"was":[94,288,317,363,412,558,571,657,690,713],"his":[98,520,536,768],"pet":[99],"projects":[100],"2":[101,387],".Give":[102],"up?Then":[103],"how":[104,654],"about":[105,528],"this?From":[106],"beginning":[108,580],"we":[109,581],"shall":[110,582],"teach":[111,583],"children":[112,584],"Newspeak":[113,145,151,163,168,175,287,322,457],"-purged":[114,588],"completely":[115,589],"crimethink":[117,124],"or":[118,274,474,492],"anything":[119],"can":[121],"lead":[122],"-as":[125,592],"language":[127,594],"Ingsoc":[129,346,747],"has":[131,599],"been":[132,244,324,600],"historically":[133,601],"provided.Each":[134,602],"child":[135,155,171,603,625,641],"will":[136,604],"thus":[137,605],"'trained'":[139,607],"start":[141,609],"with":[142,610],"simplified":[144,612],"gradually":[147,178,616,649],"advance":[148,617],"adults....":[153,623],"does":[156,626],"learn":[158,628],"primitive":[160,630],"version":[161],"grown-ups'":[167,636],"derives;":[169,639],"learns":[172,642],"'poorer'":[174,644],"enriched.Well":[179],"that's":[180],"easy!The":[181],"words":[182,428,432],"'Newspeak'":[183,560],"'crimethink'":[185,565],"are":[186,233,237,739],"dead":[188],"giveaway.Obviously":[189],"this":[190,510],"passage":[191,542],"comes":[192,257,512],"Orwell's":[194,675],"1984.Some":[195],"unusually":[196],"frank":[197],"Party":[198,380,683,725],"member":[199],"-probably":[200],"O'Brien":[201],"-is":[202],"expounding":[203],"party":[204],"policy.The":[205],"idea":[206],"induce":[209],"ideological":[210],"conformity":[211],"means":[213],"linguistic":[215,679,721],"reform.":[216],"Neurath":[217,748],"Newspeak.Actually":[219],"you":[220],"wrong.But":[223],"I":[224,228,554,670,699,712],"must":[225],"confess":[226],"have":[229,243,260],"cheated.Though":[230],"both":[231,236,242],"quotations":[232],"genuine,":[234],"derived":[238],"eminent":[240],"authors,":[241],"doctored":[245],"suit":[247],"my":[248],"purposes.It":[249],"first":[252],"second":[255,530],"1984.I":[259],"simply":[261],"substituted":[262],"'universal":[263,562],"jargon'":[264],"for":[265,269,297,328,561,566,720,727],"'Newspeak',":[266],"'logical":[267],"empiricism'":[268],"'Ingsoc'":[270],"made":[272],"two":[275,737],"other":[276,312,399],"minor":[277],"changes.In":[278],"original":[280],"reads":[282,576],"as":[283,356,366,433,441,467,504,577,760],"follows:The":[284],"purpose":[285],"only":[290,461],"provide":[292],"medium":[294],"expression":[296,374],"worldview":[299],"mental":[301],"habits":[302],"proper":[303],"devotees":[306,745],"Ingsoc,":[308],"make":[311,659],"modes":[313],"thought":[315,336,340,357],"impossible.It":[316],"intended":[318],"when":[320],"adopted":[325],"once":[326],"all":[329,398,444],"Oldspeak":[332],"forgotten,":[333],"heretical":[335,756],"-that":[337],"diverging":[341],"principles":[344,525,729],"-should":[347],"literally":[349],"unthinkable,":[350],"at":[351,407],"least":[352],"so":[354,364,439],"far":[355,440],"dependent":[359],"on":[360],"words.Its":[361],"vocabulary":[362],"constructed":[365],"give":[368,448],"exact":[369],"often":[371],"very":[372],"subtle":[373],"every":[376],"meaning":[377],"Member":[381],"could":[382,460,481],"properly":[383],"wish":[384],"express,":[386],"He":[388],"died":[389],"December":[391],"1945":[392],"heart":[395],"attack.while":[396],"excluding":[397],"meanings":[400,446],"also":[402],"possibility":[404],"arriving":[406],"them":[408],"indirect":[410],"methods.This":[411],"done":[415],"partly":[416],"invention":[419],"new":[421],"words,":[422],"chiefly":[424],"eliminating":[426],"undesirable":[427],"stripping":[430],"such":[431,465],"remained":[434],"unorthodox":[436],"meanings,":[437],"possible":[442],"secondary":[445],"whatever.To":[447],"example,":[450],"word":[452,664,710],"'free'":[453],"existed":[455,502],"used":[463,484],"statements":[466],"'This":[468,475],"dog":[469],"free":[471,478],"lice'":[473],"field":[476],"weeds'.It":[480],"old":[487],"sense":[488],"'intellectually":[490],"free'":[491,494],"'politically":[493],"since":[495],"political":[496],"intellectual":[498],"freedom":[499],"no":[500],"longer":[501],"even":[503],"concepts.(Orwell,":[505],"2008:":[506],"312-313.)To":[507],"precise":[509],"extract":[511],"Appendix":[515],"Orwell,":[518],"authorial":[521],"persona,":[522],"explains":[523],"Newspeak.What":[527],"passage?This":[531],"vintage":[533],"Neurath,":[534],"famous":[537,547],"essay":[538],"'Protokollsatze'.In":[539],"fact":[540],"occurs":[543],"shortly":[544],"after":[545],"simile":[548],"ship":[551],"knowledge.All":[553],"do":[557],"switch":[559],"jargon',":[563],"'metaphysics'":[567],"task":[570],"almost":[572],"done.The":[573],"unadulterated":[574],"text":[575],"follows:From":[578],"metaphysics":[591],"unified":[596],"science":[597],"enriched.(Neurath,":[650],"1983:":[651],"82-83)":[652],"Note":[653],"easy":[655],"switch.By":[661],"swapping":[662,704],"here":[665,707],"phrase":[668,706],"there":[669,711],"am":[671],"able":[672,714],"convert":[674,716],"account":[676],"policies":[680],"into":[684,723],"description":[686,693],"Neurath's":[688,717],"program.It":[689],"hostile":[692],"sure,":[696],"not,":[698],"think,":[700],"inaccurate":[702],"one.By":[703],"modest":[718],"proposals":[719],"reform":[722],"manifesto":[726],"Newspeak.And":[731],"reason":[733],"-the":[736],"programs":[738],"indeed":[740],"alike":[741],"3":[742],".Like":[743],"looked":[749],"forward":[750],"future":[753],"thoughts":[757,759],"-metaphysical":[758],"he":[761],"supposed":[762],"-could":[763],"expressed.He":[766],"personal":[769],"Index":[770],"verborum":[771],"prohibitorum":[772]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}