{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120715523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","title":"Chronic Pain and Its Determinants: A Population-based Study in Southern Iran","display_name":"Chronic Pain and Its Determinants: A Population-based Study in Southern Iran","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120715523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","mag":"2120715523","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23091685","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3468801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","pdf_url":"https://www.epain.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155381918","display_name":"The Korean journal of pain","issn_l":"1226-2579","issn":["1226-2579","2005-9159","2093-0569"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","kci-registered","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969335","host_organization_name":"The Korean Pain Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969335"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Korean Pain Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Korean Journal of Pain","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.epain.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057437241","display_name":"Safar Zarei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3892-7808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3892-7808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109561","display_name":"Jahrom University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxvpn13","country_code":"IR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109561"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safar Zarei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Medicine School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Medicine School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072251797","display_name":"Shiva Bigizadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-9746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-9746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109561","display_name":"Jahrom University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxvpn13","country_code":"IR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109561"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiva Bigizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Medicine School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Medicine School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002999450","display_name":"Mohammad Pourahmadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109561","display_name":"Jahrom University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxvpn13","country_code":"IR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109561"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Pourahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy, Medicine School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, Medicine School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109561"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111624203","display_name":"Mohamed Amin Ghobadifar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109561","display_name":"Jahrom University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxvpn13","country_code":"IR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109561"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Amin Ghobadifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Medicine School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran","Department of Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Medicine School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109561"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109561"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111624203"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109561"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5756,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96106928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"4","first_page":"245","last_page":"253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-pain","display_name":"chronic pain","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-factors","display_name":"demographic factors","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-factors","display_name":"psychological factors","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overweight","display_name":"overweight","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income","display_name":"income","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-type","display_name":"employment type","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headache","display_name":"headache","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-iran","display_name":"southern Iran","score":0.6650000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8825402855873108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6724060773849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113","display_name":"Chronic pain","level":2,"score":0.6285438537597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6269411444664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86","display_name":"Headaches","level":2,"score":0.4978621006011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.47491347789764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.4472910165786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133823","display_name":"Migraine","level":2,"score":0.4417894184589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.42312511801719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.27501070499420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.214828759431839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1542854905128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1235402524471283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","pdf_url":"https://www.epain.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155381918","display_name":"The Korean journal of pain","issn_l":"1226-2579","issn":["1226-2579","2005-9159","2093-0569"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","kci-registered","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969335","host_organization_name":"The Korean Pain Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969335"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Korean Pain Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Korean Journal of Pain","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2470104","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3468801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23091685","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23091685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Korean journal of pain","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3468801","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3468801/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Korean J Pain","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","pdf_url":"https://www.epain.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155381918","display_name":"The Korean journal of pain","issn_l":"1226-2579","issn":["1226-2579","2005-9159","2093-0569"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","kci-registered","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969335","host_organization_name":"The Korean Pain Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969335"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Korean Pain Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Korean Journal of Pain","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5676000118255615,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329062","display_name":"Jahrom University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxvpn13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2120715523.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2120715523.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15578964","https://openalex.org/W1246972392","https://openalex.org/W1589453396","https://openalex.org/W1991492408","https://openalex.org/W2015698803","https://openalex.org/W2024473773","https://openalex.org/W2025392558","https://openalex.org/W2027022038","https://openalex.org/W2048060977","https://openalex.org/W2051451737","https://openalex.org/W2061606790","https://openalex.org/W2062352367","https://openalex.org/W2067102458","https://openalex.org/W2068058468","https://openalex.org/W2072167920","https://openalex.org/W2080600841","https://openalex.org/W2096455585","https://openalex.org/W2097495367","https://openalex.org/W2101046768","https://openalex.org/W2107871413","https://openalex.org/W2122392873","https://openalex.org/W2130294548","https://openalex.org/W2139500787","https://openalex.org/W2147300976","https://openalex.org/W2147680692","https://openalex.org/W2149311374","https://openalex.org/W2154045432","https://openalex.org/W2156943449","https://openalex.org/W2161195044","https://openalex.org/W2167613032","https://openalex.org/W2170383687","https://openalex.org/W2171386005","https://openalex.org/W2184353704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W964100548","https://openalex.org/W2126040166","https://openalex.org/W7117449175","https://openalex.org/W2027022038","https://openalex.org/W2145226905","https://openalex.org/W2943303256","https://openalex.org/W4361204591","https://openalex.org/W2414382834","https://openalex.org/W2109232744","https://openalex.org/W4407904505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Prevalence":[1],"of":[2,40,49,75,126,132,142,145,185,206,224,251],"chronic":[3,50,143,186,209,225],"pain":[4,51,159,176,187,210,226,246],"and":[5,52,58,119,151,157,165,169,174,183,204,227,233,240],"its":[6,53,228],"association":[7,54,194,229],"with":[8,55,122,208,230,237],"demographic":[9],"characteristics":[10],"have":[11],"been":[12],"reported":[13],"by":[14],"different":[15,18],"studies":[16],"from":[17,26],"geographical":[19],"regions":[20],"in":[21,61,83,96,162,179],"the":[22,41,47,70,97,130,133,136,196,212,222],"world.":[23],"However,":[24],"data":[25],"many":[27],"Middle":[28],"East":[29],"countries":[30],"including":[31],"Iran":[32,86],"(especially":[33],"southern":[34,85],"Iran)":[35],"are":[36],"scare.":[37],"The":[38],"aim":[39],"present":[42],"study":[43,137],"was":[44,73,103,191],"to":[45,79,94,106,245,248],"demonstrate":[46],"prevalence":[48,223],"demographic,":[56,231],"psychological":[57,232],"socioeconomic":[59,234],"factors":[60],"an":[62,123],"Iranian":[63],"population.":[64],"METHODS:":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67],"population-based":[68],"survey,":[69],"target":[71],"population":[72],"comprised":[74],"subjects":[76,91],"aged":[77],"20":[78],"85":[80],"years":[81,128],"residing":[82],"Jahrom,":[84],"during":[87],"2009-2011.":[88],"All":[89],"eligible":[90],"were":[92,109,116,149,154,160,177],"invited":[93],"participate":[95],"study.":[98,134],"Before":[99],"a":[100,192,249],"detailed":[101],"questionnaire":[102],"given;":[104],"face":[105,107],"interviews":[108],"done":[110],"for":[111],"each":[112],"individual.":[113],"RESULTS:":[114],"There":[115,190],"719":[117],"men":[118,150],"874":[120],"women":[121],"average":[124],"age":[125],"40.5":[127],"at":[129],"onset":[131],"Among":[135],"population,":[138],"38.9%":[139],"(620/1,593)":[140],"complained":[141],"pain,":[144,167,173],"whom":[146],"40.8%":[147],"(253/620)":[148],"59.2%":[152],"(367/620)":[153],"women.":[155],"Foot":[156],"joint":[158],"observed":[161,178],"31.9%.":[163],"Hip":[164],"spine":[166],"migraine":[168],"tension":[170],"headaches,":[171],"heart":[172],"abdomen":[175],"21.5%,":[180],"15.5%,":[181],"9.5%,":[182],"8.0%":[184],"cases,":[188],"respectively.":[189],"significant":[193],"among":[195],"covariables":[197],"age,":[198],"sex,":[199],"overweight,":[200],"educational":[201],"level,":[202],"income,":[203],"type":[205],"employment":[207],"as":[211],"dependent":[213],"variable":[214],"(P":[215],"<":[216],"0.0001).":[217],"CONCLUSIONS:":[218],"Our":[219],"findings":[220],"show":[221],"factors.":[235],"Individuals":[236],"low":[238],"incomes":[239],"less":[241],"education":[242],"became":[243],"accustomed":[244],"due":[247],"lack":[250],"knowledge.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}