{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120680452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdm037","title":"Returned medicines: waste or a wasted opportunity?","display_name":"Returned medicines: waste or a wasted opportunity?","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120680452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdm037","mag":"2120680452","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17579236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdm037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdm037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdm037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27214173","display_name":"Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0943-1853","issn":["0943-1853","1613-2238","1741-3842","1741-3850","2198-1833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2120680452"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004101264","display_name":"Adam John Mackridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0256-6759","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0256-6759"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Mackridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacy Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK. a.mackridge@ljmu.ac.uk","Pharmacy Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacy Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK. a.mackridge@ljmu.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacy Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083988816","display_name":"John Francis Marriott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5267-2018","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5267-2018"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. F. Marriott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacy Practice Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacy Practice Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2417,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3187},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.6815,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9892407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"3","first_page":"258","last_page":"262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":0.4884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":0.4884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.30979999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12920","display_name":"Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management","score":0.07609999924898148,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unused-medications","display_name":"unused medicines","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-waste","display_name":"pharmaceutical waste","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-pharmacy","display_name":"community pharmacy","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gp-surgeries","display_name":"GP surgeries","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-drugs","display_name":"cardiovascular drugs","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system-drugs","display_name":"central nervous system drugs","score":0.8349999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6182264089584351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.49039459228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779457091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105186","display_name":"Pharmacist","level":3,"score":0.4315112233161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.40805190801620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3987632989883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.37255382537841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34295138716697693}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004355","descriptor_name":"Drug Stability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004363","descriptor_name":"Drug Utilization","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004363","descriptor_name":"Drug Utilization","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004363","descriptor_name":"Drug Utilization","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000600","qualifier_name":"supply & distribution","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005194","descriptor_name":"Family Practice","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005569","descriptor_name":"Formularies as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010594","descriptor_name":"Pharmacies","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017743","descriptor_name":"Equipment Reuse","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017743","descriptor_name":"Equipment Reuse","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017744","descriptor_name":"Medical Waste Disposal","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017744","descriptor_name":"Medical Waste Disposal","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017744","descriptor_name":"Medical Waste Disposal","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017745","descriptor_name":"Incineration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdm037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdm037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdm037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27214173","display_name":"Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0943-1853","issn":["0943-1853","1613-2238","1741-3842","1741-3850","2198-1833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17579236","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17579236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of public health (Oxford, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.549.8128","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.549.8128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/3/258.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.835.8421","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.835.8421","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2007/06/19/pubmed.fdm037.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:jphm:29/3/258","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/29/3/258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48286145","https://openalex.org/W128140248","https://openalex.org/W160315108","https://openalex.org/W1829934329","https://openalex.org/W1943715954","https://openalex.org/W1993926520","https://openalex.org/W2006667578","https://openalex.org/W2058502204","https://openalex.org/W2065479043","https://openalex.org/W2094388713","https://openalex.org/W2097961564","https://openalex.org/W2167191342","https://openalex.org/W2803408917","https://openalex.org/W3135185800","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151963653","https://openalex.org/W2891657438","https://openalex.org/W3106840861","https://openalex.org/W3154467549","https://openalex.org/W4250273545","https://openalex.org/W2070980906","https://openalex.org/W4246051560","https://openalex.org/W3156646888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Re-use":[1],"of":[2,27,116,124,128,136,143],"unused":[3],"medicines":[4,29,40,156,189,194],"returned":[5,41,158],"from":[6,87],"patients":[7],"is":[8],"currently":[9],"considered":[10],"unethical":[11],"in":[12,32,52,147,159,169,190],"the":[13,73,104,148,181,184,202],"UK":[14],"and":[15,49,61,81,100,122,162,199],"these":[16,28,188],"are":[17,157,195],"usually":[18],"destroyed":[19],"by":[20],"incineration.":[21],"Previous":[22],"studies":[23],"suggest":[24],"that":[25],"many":[26,168],"may":[30],"be":[31],"a":[33,114,170],"condition":[34,171],"suitable":[35,131,138,172],"for":[36,58,75,132,139,173,186],"re-use.":[37,77,134,174],"METHODS:":[38],"All":[39],"over":[42],"two":[43],"months":[44,118],"to":[45,71,179],"participating":[46],"community":[47],"pharmacies":[48],"GP":[50],"surgeries":[51],"Eastern":[53],"Birmingham":[54],"PCT":[55],"were":[56,85,108,130],"assessed":[57,66],"type,":[59],"quantity":[60],"value.":[62],"A":[63],"registered":[64],"pharmacist":[65],"packs":[67,112,125],"against":[68],"set":[69],"criteria":[70],"determine":[72],"suitability":[74],"possible":[76,133],"RESULTS:":[78],"Nine":[79],"hundred":[80],"thirty-four":[82],"return":[83],"events":[84],"made":[86],"910":[88],"patients,":[89],"comprising":[90],"3765":[91],"items":[92],"worth":[93],"pound":[94],"33,608.":[95],"Cardiovascular":[96],"drugs":[97,146],"(1003,":[98],"27%)":[99],"those":[101,137],"acting":[102],"on":[103,183],"CNS":[105],"(884,":[106],"24%)":[107],"most":[109],"prevalent.":[110],"Returned":[111],"had":[113],"median":[115],"17":[117],"remaining":[119],"before":[120],"expiry":[121],"one-quarter":[123],"(1248":[126],"out":[127,142],"4291)":[129],"One-third":[135],"re-use":[140],"(476":[141],"1248)":[144],"contained":[145],"latest":[149],"WHO":[150],"Essential":[151],"Drugs":[152],"List.":[153],"CONCLUSION:":[154],"Unused":[155],"substantial":[160],"quantities":[161],"have":[163],"considerable":[164],"financial":[165],"value,":[166],"with":[167],"We":[175],"consider":[176],"it":[177],"appropriate":[178],"reopen":[180],"debate":[182],"potential":[185],"re-using":[187],"developing":[191],"countries":[192],"where":[193],"not":[196],"widely":[197],"available":[198],"also":[200],"within":[201],"UK.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
