{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120444530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2010.2094815","title":"Divide and Concur and Difference-Map BP Decoders for LDPC Codes","display_name":"Divide and Concur and Difference-Map BP Decoders for LDPC Codes","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120444530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2010.2094815","mag":"2120444530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2010.2094815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2010.2094815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2010.2094815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2120444530"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1001.1730","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018906281","display_name":"Jonathan S. Yedidia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253225","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00e2e3n51","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4405253225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan S. Yedidia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA","Mitsubishi Electr. Res. Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electr. Res. Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106407236","display_name":"Yige Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-2504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-2504","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9917-7699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253225","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00e2e3n51","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4405253225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yige Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA","Mitsubishi Electr. Res. Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electr. Res. Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029182703","display_name":"Stark Christiaan Draper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8100-5599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8100-5599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stark C. Draper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8333,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96466712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"2","first_page":"786","last_page":"802"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2607","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-propagation","display_name":"belief propagation","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-codes","display_name":"LDPC codes","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trapping-sets","display_name":"trapping sets","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-passing","display_name":"message passing","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-graphs","display_name":"factor graphs","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming-decoding","display_name":"linear programming decoding","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sum-product-decoding","display_name":"sum-product decoding","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-decoding","display_name":"iterative decoding","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152948882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4060686","display_name":"Belief propagation","level":3,"score":0.8934773206710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159246509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428725","display_name":"Factor graph","level":3,"score":0.8932716846466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.8090709447860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6655223965644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.664231538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185588885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553811","display_name":"Soft-decision decoder","level":3,"score":0.5899553894996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5127688050270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C854659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859284","display_name":"Message passing","level":2,"score":0.4286673069000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34353357553482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34294945001602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.13692623376846313}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2010.2094815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2010.2094815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2010.2094815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1001.1730","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1001.1730","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1001.1730","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2953305948","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1001.1730.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.592.3486","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.592.3486","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.merl.com/reports/docs/TR2010-001.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1001.1730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1001.1730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1001.1730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1001.1730","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1001.1730","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1001.1730","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2120444530.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2120444530.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484692004","https://openalex.org/W1536930200","https://openalex.org/W1588943481","https://openalex.org/W1599270913","https://openalex.org/W1818146586","https://openalex.org/W1842748215","https://openalex.org/W1875056259","https://openalex.org/W1936569394","https://openalex.org/W1964402820","https://openalex.org/W2001732758","https://openalex.org/W2007593159","https://openalex.org/W2009166537","https://openalex.org/W2035033763","https://openalex.org/W2044607510","https://openalex.org/W2078633872","https://openalex.org/W2103028698","https://openalex.org/W2106229352","https://openalex.org/W2108078415","https://openalex.org/W2108619558","https://openalex.org/W2126324363","https://openalex.org/W2127370988","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2129325662","https://openalex.org/W2133068391","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2139584447","https://openalex.org/W2143965786","https://openalex.org/W2149474573","https://openalex.org/W2154663979","https://openalex.org/W2154736697","https://openalex.org/W2163264905","https://openalex.org/W2164918853","https://openalex.org/W2169134868","https://openalex.org/W2169732368","https://openalex.org/W2170923061","https://openalex.org/W2566505556","https://openalex.org/W4300188436","https://openalex.org/W6640150328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085273837","https://openalex.org/W2098693806","https://openalex.org/W2492531357","https://openalex.org/W2010303399","https://openalex.org/W2361686026","https://openalex.org/W2024069221","https://openalex.org/W2359558775","https://openalex.org/W2944806087","https://openalex.org/W2139164285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,56,103],"\u201cDivide":[1],"and":[2,9,37,124,165,177,201],"Concur\u201d":[3],"(DC)":[4],"algorithm":[5,50,62,123],"introduced":[6],"by":[7,199],"Gravel":[8],"Elser":[10],"can":[11,26,44],"be":[12,27,45,70],"considered":[13],"a":[14,30,48,52,128,152],"competitor":[15],"to":[16,29,65,72,146,191],"the":[17,60,73,89,112,116,121,184,188],"belief":[18,136],"propagation":[19],"(BP)":[20],"algorithm,":[21],"in":[22,88],"that":[23,42,78,133],"both":[24],"algorithms":[25],"applied":[28],"wide":[31],"variety":[32],"of":[33,59,82,187],"constraint":[34],"satisfaction,":[35],"optimization,":[36],"inference":[38],"problems.":[39],"We":[40,92,131,156,181],"show":[41,132],"DC":[43,61,122,164],"interpreted":[46],"as":[47],"message-passing":[49],"on":[51,100,109,172],"\u201cnormal\u201d":[53],"factor":[54],"graph.":[55],"\u201cdifference-map\u201d":[57,118],"dynamics":[58],"enables":[63],"it":[64,126],"avoid":[66],"\u201ctraps\u201d":[67],"which":[68],"may":[69],"related":[71],"\u201ctrapping":[74],"sets\u201d":[75],"or":[76],"\u201cpseudo-codewords\u201d":[77],"plague":[79],"BP":[80,148],"decoders":[81,95,167,170],"low-density":[83],"parity":[84],"check":[85],"(LDPC)":[86],"codes":[87,98,162],"error-floor":[90,143],"regime.":[91],"investigate":[93],"two":[94],"for":[96,160],"LDPC":[97,161],"based":[99,107,171],"these":[101],"ideas.":[102],"first":[104],"decoder":[105,114,139,190],"is":[106],"directly":[108],"DC,":[110],"while":[111,150],"second":[113],"borrows":[115],"important":[117],"concept":[119],"from":[120],"translates":[125],"into":[127],"BP-like":[129],"decoder.":[130],"this":[134],"\u201cdifference-map":[135],"propagation\u201d":[137],"(DMBP)":[138],"has":[140],"dramatically":[141],"improved":[142],"performance":[144],"compared":[145],"standard":[147],"decoders,":[149],"maintaining":[151],"similar":[153],"computational":[154],"complexity.":[155],"present":[157],"simulation":[158],"results":[159],"comparing":[163],"DMBP":[166,189],"with":[168],"other":[169],"sum-product":[173],"BP,":[174],"linear":[175,179],"programming,":[176],"mixed-integer":[178],"programming.":[180],"also":[182],"describe":[183],"close":[185],"relation":[186],"reweighted":[192],"min-sum":[193],"algorithms,":[194],"including":[195],"those":[196],"recently":[197],"proposed":[198],"Ruozzi":[200],"Tatikonda.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
