{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120332841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/089976409302200202","title":"Portfolio Theory and Nonprofit Financial Stability","display_name":"Portfolio Theory and Nonprofit Financial Stability","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120332841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/089976409302200202","mag":"2120332841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/089976409302200202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/089976409302200202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/089976409302200202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168572994","display_name":"Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly","issn_l":"0094-0607","issn":["0094-0607","0899-7640","1552-7395"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035323529","display_name":"Bruce R. Kingma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bruce R. Kingma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York at Albany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York at Albany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035323529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I392282"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29502696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"105","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11120","display_name":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11120","display_name":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14464","display_name":"Community Development and Social Impact","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11413","display_name":"Risk and Portfolio Optimization","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio-theory","display_name":"portfolio theory","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-diversification","display_name":"income diversification","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-funding-dependence","display_name":"government funding dependence","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-risk","display_name":"financial risk","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/funding-sources","display_name":"funding sources","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-york-state","display_name":"New York State","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.7678444385528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9725762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072885","display_name":"Modern portfolio theory","level":3,"score":0.696508526802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.6487026214599609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5771718621253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.5666319727897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.5073935389518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5063217878341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4909053444862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993714901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063076","display_name":"Nonprofit sector","level":2,"score":0.4768867790699005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193991484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2509483","display_name":"Government revenue","level":3,"score":0.41909319162368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.357045441865921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.12048223614692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0811166763305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/089976409302200202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/089976409302200202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/089976409302200202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168572994","display_name":"Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly","issn_l":"0094-0607","issn":["0094-0607","0899-7640","1552-7395"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.912.3340","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.912.3340","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://nvs.sagepub.com/content/22/2/105.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976575715","https://openalex.org/W1982976209","https://openalex.org/W1993794559","https://openalex.org/W1995009873","https://openalex.org/W1999486053","https://openalex.org/W2023596302","https://openalex.org/W2024171888","https://openalex.org/W2026587658","https://openalex.org/W2039978752","https://openalex.org/W2085317472","https://openalex.org/W2088434995","https://openalex.org/W2099467507","https://openalex.org/W2568048331","https://openalex.org/W3123282572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286666308","https://openalex.org/W2056060080","https://openalex.org/W1977271326","https://openalex.org/W2766465015","https://openalex.org/W2513079916","https://openalex.org/W2052253580","https://openalex.org/W4386291170","https://openalex.org/W2330075590","https://openalex.org/W2885618342","https://openalex.org/W2037884333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"models":[2],"and":[3,44,51],"tests":[4],"for":[5,12],"the":[6,49,54],"factors":[7],"that":[8,72,75],"influence":[9],"financial":[10,35],"predictability":[11],"a":[13,23,83],"nonprofit":[14,24,60,73],"organization.":[15],"Financial":[16],"portfolio":[17],"theory":[18],"is":[19],"used":[20,69],"to":[21,33,70],"model":[22],"organization's":[25],"optimal":[26,38],"combination":[27,39],"of":[28,40,56,85],"revenue":[29,86],"streams":[30],"in":[31,64],"order":[32],"minimize":[34],"risk.":[36],"The":[37],"funding":[41,81],"from":[42,59],"government":[43,80],"other":[45],"sources":[46,55],"depends":[47],"on":[48,79],"variance":[50],"covariance":[52],"between":[53],"revenue.":[57],"Data":[58],"foster":[61],"care":[62],"organizations":[63,74],"New":[65],"York":[66],"State":[67],"are":[68,76],"show":[71],"more":[77,88],"dependent":[78],"as":[82],"source":[84],"have":[87],"predictable":[89],"revenues.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}