{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120280452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.611351","title":"Lesion contrast enhancement in medical ultrasound imaging","display_name":"Lesion contrast enhancement in medical ultrasound imaging","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120280452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.611351","mag":"2120280452","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9262999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/42.611351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.611351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.611351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112987869","display_name":"P.F. Stetson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.F. Stetson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA. stetson@it.dtu.dk","[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Stanford Univ., CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA. stetson@it.dtu.dk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Stanford Univ., CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110127438","display_name":"F. Graham Sommer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F.G. Sommer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041785812","display_name":"Albert Macovski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Macovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85232538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"416","last_page":"425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.06520000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.05530000105500221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"contrast-to-noise ratio","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-spectrum","display_name":"frequency spectrum","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-distribution","display_name":"amplitude distribution","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonography","display_name":"ultrasonography","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise","display_name":"speckle noise","score":0.6539999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.746707022190094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.701932430267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86190813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165749","display_name":"Contrast-to-noise ratio","level":4,"score":0.6327629089355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.5198776721954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.5149539113044739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.4975776970386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989478337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234904","display_name":"Ultrasonic imaging","level":3,"score":0.4310178756713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018181011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6849688","display_name":"Contrast enhancement","level":3,"score":0.4267526865005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180940675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle noise","level":3,"score":0.41439586877822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3921506404876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.36406785249710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3174632787704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3010651767253876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20490765571594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20455554127693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2011575698852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.17907840013504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.17007678747177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.09725075960159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07705524563789368}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006391","descriptor_name":"Hemangioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008103","descriptor_name":"Liver Cirrhosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/42.611351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.611351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.611351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9262999","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9262999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.42.3795","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.42.3795","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.it.dtu.dk/pub/bme/journals/1997/pfs_et_al_ieee_mi_1997.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/e5dff523-0fa2-4454-95a6-598d54bd5334","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/e5dff523-0fa2-4454-95a6-598d54bd5334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stetson , P F , Sommer , F G &amp; Macovski , A 1997 , ' Lesion Contrast Enhancement in Medical Ultrasound Imaging ' , I E E E Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol. 16 , no. 4 .","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1820882651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA 37483","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7921455985","display_name":"ULTRASONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ABDOMINAL TISSUES","funder_award_id":"R01CA037483","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W391578156","https://openalex.org/W600282500","https://openalex.org/W1484869677","https://openalex.org/W1573293896","https://openalex.org/W1589450660","https://openalex.org/W1622620102","https://openalex.org/W2035314205","https://openalex.org/W2059275471","https://openalex.org/W2079647547","https://openalex.org/W2336853952","https://openalex.org/W3010956862","https://openalex.org/W4301253858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990963722","https://openalex.org/W2884418573","https://openalex.org/W1985836769","https://openalex.org/W2106604316","https://openalex.org/W2077789370","https://openalex.org/W2583307239","https://openalex.org/W7125170608","https://openalex.org/W2065171541","https://openalex.org/W1974191634","https://openalex.org/W4200370993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Methods":[0],"for":[1],"improving":[2],"the":[3,18,25,35,38,42,62],"contrast-to-noise":[4],"ratio":[5],"(CNR)":[6],"of":[7,24,37,55,69],"low-contrast":[8],"lesions":[9],"in":[10,17,49],"medical":[11],"ultrasound":[12],"imaging":[13,75],"are":[14],"described.":[15],"Differences":[16],"frequency":[19],"spectra":[20],"and":[21,27,76],"amplitude":[22],"distributions":[23],"lesion":[26,39],"its":[28],"surroundings":[29],"can":[30],"be":[31],"used":[32,48],"to":[33,41],"increase":[34],"CNR":[36,67],"relative":[40],"background.":[43],"Automated":[44],"graylevel":[45,86],"mapping":[46],"is":[47],"combination":[50],"with":[51,83],"a":[52],"contrast-weighted":[53],"form":[54],"frequency-diversity":[56,74],"speckle":[57],"reduction.":[58],"In":[59],"clinical":[60],"studies,":[61],"techniques":[63],"have":[64],"yielded":[65],"mean":[66],"improvements":[68],"3.2":[70],"dB":[71,78],"above":[72],"ordinary":[73],"5.6":[77],"over":[79],"sharper":[80],"conventional":[81],"images,":[82],"no":[84],"post-processing":[85],"mapping.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
