{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120093557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040499","title":"Effects of Stress on Decision-Making Deficits in Formerly Heroin-Dependent Patients After Different Durations of Abstinence","display_name":"Effects of Stress on Decision-Making Deficits in Formerly Heroin-Dependent Patients After Different Durations of Abstinence","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120093557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040499","mag":"2120093557","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21406465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiao-li Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327069482","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I1327069482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-li Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327069482","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005240419","display_name":"Jie Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-8160","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-8160"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327069482","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I1327069482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327069482","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101664386","display_name":"Liyan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2624-8886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2624-8886"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327069482","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I1327069482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-yan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327069482","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110683692","display_name":"Li-Li Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327069482","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I1327069482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-li Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327069482","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384638","display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-3203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-3203","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-4722"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327069482","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I1327069482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327069482","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067106167","display_name":"Guibin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9987-6496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9987-6496","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7677-7612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327069482","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I1327069482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui-bin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327069482","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040672500","display_name":"David H. Epstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8147-0386","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8147-0386"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327069482","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I1327069482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David H. Epstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327069482","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001198088","display_name":"Lin L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-892X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-892X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327069482","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I1327069482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327069482","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3212,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94125854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"168","issue":"6","first_page":"610","last_page":"616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.8353999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.8353999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.09920000284910202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heroin-dependence","display_name":"heroin addiction","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstinence-duration","display_name":"abstinence duration","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosocial-stress","display_name":"psychosocial stress","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iowa-gambling-task","display_name":"Iowa Gambling Task","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trier-social-stress-test","display_name":"Trier Social Stress Test","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propranolol","display_name":"propranolol","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-adrenergic-blockade","display_name":"beta-adrenergic blockade","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-use-disorder-recovery","display_name":"substance use disorder recovery","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-induced-cognitive-impairment","display_name":"stress-induced cognitive impairment","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210978","display_name":"Abstinence","level":2,"score":0.8425010442733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778903686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60168","display_name":"Heroin","level":3,"score":0.7320640683174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6459593772888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.5283292531967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.46988964080810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3754199743270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.23143064975738525}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000319","descriptor_name":"Adrenergic beta-Antagonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006556","descriptor_name":"Heroin Dependence","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006854","descriptor_name":"Hydrocortisone","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011433","descriptor_name":"Propranolol","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013375","descriptor_name":"Substance Withdrawal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013375","descriptor_name":"Substance Withdrawal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21406465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21406465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549388972","https://openalex.org/W1709379088","https://openalex.org/W1754082247","https://openalex.org/W1968945175","https://openalex.org/W1971492732","https://openalex.org/W1972259808","https://openalex.org/W1975485560","https://openalex.org/W1984346427","https://openalex.org/W1988829061","https://openalex.org/W1993017526","https://openalex.org/W1998403350","https://openalex.org/W2006084272","https://openalex.org/W2008906425","https://openalex.org/W2013145111","https://openalex.org/W2028219379","https://openalex.org/W2034480183","https://openalex.org/W2038651195","https://openalex.org/W2043559838","https://openalex.org/W2045634934","https://openalex.org/W2045665798","https://openalex.org/W2048424875","https://openalex.org/W2048924547","https://openalex.org/W2054515032","https://openalex.org/W2061344417","https://openalex.org/W2083466345","https://openalex.org/W2086265757","https://openalex.org/W2087309661","https://openalex.org/W2091413411","https://openalex.org/W2106081411","https://openalex.org/W2123856966","https://openalex.org/W2131379141","https://openalex.org/W2137895568","https://openalex.org/W2141172186","https://openalex.org/W2144961120","https://openalex.org/W2150258126","https://openalex.org/W2162105769","https://openalex.org/W2162812585","https://openalex.org/W2167420848","https://openalex.org/W2170256757","https://openalex.org/W2313074419","https://openalex.org/W4406058881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054500392","https://openalex.org/W1986528761","https://openalex.org/W2367543630","https://openalex.org/W1569009300","https://openalex.org/W2069342538","https://openalex.org/W1993746882","https://openalex.org/W2371032175","https://openalex.org/W4315649311","https://openalex.org/W2519701631","https://openalex.org/W2977790256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Drug":[1],"abuse":[2],"is":[3,13],"associated":[4],"with":[5,53,106,158],"substantial":[6],"impairments":[7],"in":[8,21,35,63,171,174,188,205,226],"decision":[9,33,172,199,219],"making.":[10],"However,":[11],"little":[12],"known":[14],"about":[15,27],"the":[16,28,48,54,59,111,117,153,159,175,189,195,206],"time":[17],"course":[18],"of":[19,30,44,58,191,198,218,244],"changes":[20],"decision-making":[22,51],"ability":[23],"after":[24,41],"abstinence":[25,146,161,177],"or":[26,75,78,82,95,98,101,138,140,221],"effects":[29],"stress":[31,108,128,166],"on":[32,152],"making":[34,173,220],"individuals":[36,227],"recovering":[37,228],"from":[38,91,229],"heroin":[39,92,230],"dependence":[40],"different":[42],"durations":[43],"abstinence.":[45],"METHOD:":[46],"First,":[47],"authors":[49],"assessed":[50],"performance":[52],"original":[55],"card":[56],"version":[57],"Iowa":[60,154],"Gambling":[61,155],"Task":[62,156],"formerly":[64,207],"heroin-dependent":[65,208],"patients":[66,86],"who":[67,87,131],"had":[68,88,132],"been":[69,89,133],"abstinent":[70,90,134],"for":[71,93,135,242],"3,":[72,79,99],"7,":[73],"15,":[74],"30":[76,96,136],"days":[77,97,137],"6,":[80],"12,":[81,100],"24":[83,102,141],"months.":[84,142],"Second,":[85],"15":[94],"months":[103],"were":[104],"challenged":[105],"acute":[107],"induced":[109],"by":[110],"Trier":[112],"Social":[113],"Stress":[114,211],"Test.":[115],"Third,":[116],"\u03b2-adrenoceptor":[118],"antagonist":[119],"propranolol":[120],"(40":[121],"mg)":[122],"was":[123,202],"administered":[124],"1":[125],"hour":[126],"before":[127],"to":[129,181,184],"those":[130],"12":[139],"RESULTS:":[143],"The":[144,232],"short-term":[145],"groups":[147,162],"(3-30":[148],"days)":[149],"performed":[150],"worse":[151],"compared":[157],"long-term":[160],"(3-24":[163],"months).":[164],"Psychosocial":[165],"unmasked":[167],"a":[168,223],"latent":[169,224],"impairment":[170,197,217],"24-month":[176],"group,":[178],"which":[179,201],"seemed":[180],"perform":[182],"identically":[183],"healthy":[185],"comparison":[186],"subjects":[187],"absence":[190],"stress.":[192],"Propranolol":[193],"blocked":[194],"stress-induced":[196],"making,":[200],"seen":[203],"only":[204],"patients.":[209],"CONCLUSIONS:":[210],"can":[212],"exacerbate":[213],"an":[214],"already":[215],"existing":[216],"unmask":[222],"one":[225],"dependence.":[231],"\u03b2-adrenergic":[233],"blockade":[234],"reduces":[235],"this":[236],"effect":[237],"and":[238],"might":[239],"hold":[240],"promise":[241],"treatment":[243],"substance":[245],"use":[246],"disorders.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
