{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120051821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00421.x","title":"The sensitivity of the lactulose/rhamnose gut permeability test","display_name":"The sensitivity of the lactulose/rhamnose gut permeability test","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120051821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00421.x","mag":"2120051821","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10093003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00421.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00421.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00421.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153084679","display_name":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation","issn_l":"0014-2972","issn":["0014-2972","1365-2362"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058720147","display_name":"Michiel A. van Nieuwenhoven","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6348-2308","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6348-2308"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. A. Van Nieuwenhoven","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. M.vanNieuwenhoven@HB.UNIMAAS.nl","Maastricht Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. M.vanNieuwenhoven@HB.UNIMAAS.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maastricht Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110150605","display_name":"Bertine J. Geerling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. J. Geerling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maastricht University,","Maastricht Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maastricht University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maastricht Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073459667","display_name":"Nicolaas E.P. Deutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-6447","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-6447"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. E. P. Deutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maastricht University,","Maastricht Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maastricht University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maastricht Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029111130","display_name":"Fred J. P. H. Brouns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5907-8388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5907-8388"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104729","display_name":"Novartis (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/01a80cj23","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4210104729"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Brouns","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Novartis Nutrition Research Unit, Maastricht, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Novartis Nutrition Research Unit, Maastricht, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104729"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034594973","display_name":"Robert J. Brummer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0362-0008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0362-0008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.\u2010J. M. Brummer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maastricht University,","Maastricht Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maastricht University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maastricht Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058720147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"apc_list":{"value":4100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4100},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1888,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87190856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"160","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10365","display_name":"Gastrointestinal motility and disorders","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10365","display_name":"Gastrointestinal motility and disorders","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10858","display_name":"Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology","score":0.032099999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13199","display_name":"Digestive system and related health","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-permeability","display_name":"intestinal permeability","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chenodeoxycholic-acid","display_name":"chenodeoxycholic acid","score":0.8989999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777448540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422689","display_name":"Lactulose","level":2,"score":0.9825965762138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779213145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414109","display_name":"Rhamnose","level":3,"score":0.8409945964813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7418265342712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781071285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141320","display_name":"Intestinal permeability","level":2,"score":0.6130250096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193230392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663054","display_name":"Ingestion","level":2,"score":0.5273298025131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120882062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352","display_name":"Permeability (electromagnetism)","level":3,"score":0.4291546046733856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.40374431014060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3569990396499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.19648101925849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12680861353874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66589593","display_name":"Galactose","level":2,"score":0.10325145721435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002635","descriptor_name":"Chenodeoxycholic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007408","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Absorption","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007792","descriptor_name":"Lactulose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007792","descriptor_name":"Lactulose","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008722","descriptor_name":"Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010539","descriptor_name":"Permeability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012210","descriptor_name":"Rhamnose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012210","descriptor_name":"Rhamnose","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00421.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00421.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00421.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153084679","display_name":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation","issn_l":"0014-2972","issn":["0014-2972","1365-2362"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10093003","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10093003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of clinical investigation","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire_cris_publications/9d992d41-024d-4a95-a864-5f8c655d6416","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/9d992d41-024d-4a95-a864-5f8c655d6416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"van Nieuwenhoven, M A, Geerling, B J, Deutz, N E P, Brouns, F J P H & Brummer, R J M 1999, 'The sensitivity of the lactulose/rhamnose gut permeability test.', European Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 160-165. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00421.x","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:um:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:publications/9d992d41-024d-4a95-a864-5f8c655d6416","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/9d992d41-024d-4a95-a864-5f8c655d6416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 29(2), 160 - 165. Wiley","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20230162","https://openalex.org/W44457639","https://openalex.org/W139495930","https://openalex.org/W329421711","https://openalex.org/W1525871018","https://openalex.org/W1625707202","https://openalex.org/W1803204108","https://openalex.org/W1935780464","https://openalex.org/W1946040020","https://openalex.org/W1963797669","https://openalex.org/W1965552613","https://openalex.org/W1966040449","https://openalex.org/W1966495421","https://openalex.org/W1969496166","https://openalex.org/W1972940182","https://openalex.org/W1979491478","https://openalex.org/W1980519120","https://openalex.org/W1986300628","https://openalex.org/W1988075702","https://openalex.org/W1993431422","https://openalex.org/W1995569582","https://openalex.org/W1998016516","https://openalex.org/W2002297392","https://openalex.org/W2003667437","https://openalex.org/W2005047672","https://openalex.org/W2006943286","https://openalex.org/W2019060261","https://openalex.org/W2022975557","https://openalex.org/W2024417195","https://openalex.org/W2025607111","https://openalex.org/W2026489827","https://openalex.org/W2028926869","https://openalex.org/W2029034828","https://openalex.org/W2035693471","https://openalex.org/W2036294559","https://openalex.org/W2044314767","https://openalex.org/W2051191379","https://openalex.org/W2052896018","https://openalex.org/W2055847901","https://openalex.org/W2059272159","https://openalex.org/W2059276655","https://openalex.org/W2064222621","https://openalex.org/W2071299260","https://openalex.org/W2072675088","https://openalex.org/W2074091167","https://openalex.org/W2077088680","https://openalex.org/W2078113801","https://openalex.org/W2078216936","https://openalex.org/W2088958681","https://openalex.org/W2100200241","https://openalex.org/W2118089898","https://openalex.org/W2123170641","https://openalex.org/W2144732289","https://openalex.org/W2149959687","https://openalex.org/W2161941892","https://openalex.org/W2285643986","https://openalex.org/W2317186553","https://openalex.org/W2332475927","https://openalex.org/W2407821661","https://openalex.org/W2416532142","https://openalex.org/W2419273186","https://openalex.org/W2465662249","https://openalex.org/W3035715270","https://openalex.org/W4244950051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039543726","https://openalex.org/W2056690038","https://openalex.org/W2387872833","https://openalex.org/W1985519980","https://openalex.org/W2363701861","https://openalex.org/W2110555536","https://openalex.org/W2145903726","https://openalex.org/W2083694942","https://openalex.org/W4379416281","https://openalex.org/W2285643986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,21,68,127,170,190],"lactulose/rhamnose":[2],"(L/R)":[3],"intestinal":[4],"permeability":[5,217],"test":[6,61],"is":[7,35,122,218,239],"widely":[8],"used.":[9,20],"However,":[10],"different":[11,59],"quantities":[12],"and":[13,17,41,90,184,198,208,230,246],"proportions":[14],"of":[15,23,33,49,71,74,79,83,88,93,98,103,114,117,228],"lactulose":[16,34,229],"rhamnose":[18,231],"are":[19,138],"aim":[22],"this":[24],"study":[25],"was":[26,131,159],"to":[27,37,124,177,182,188,206,210,237,241],"determine":[28],"whether":[29],"a":[30,160,244,247],"low":[31],"dosage":[32],"able":[36],"discriminate":[38,242],"between":[39,151,166,195,243],"normal":[40,245],"increased":[42,249],"permeability.":[43,126,250],"MATERIALS":[44],"AND":[45],"METHODS:":[46],"Two":[47],"groups":[48],"10":[50,72],"healthy":[51],"subjects":[52],"were":[53,63,149,173],"studied.":[54],"In":[55,144,155],"group":[56,145],"1,":[57,146],"three":[58,153,168],"iso-osmolar":[60],"solutions":[62,69,109,212],"administered":[64,232],"on":[65,225],"3":[66],"days.":[67],"consisted":[70],"g":[73,78,82,87,92,97],"L":[75,84,94],"with":[76,85,95],"1":[77,91,110,197],"R,":[80],"5":[81],"0.5":[86],"R":[89,99],"0.1":[96],"in":[100,233],"65":[101],"mL":[102],"water.":[104],"Group":[105,156],"2":[106,199],"ingested":[107],"these":[108],"h":[111],"after":[112],"ingestion":[113],"750":[115],"mg":[116],"chenodeoxycholeic":[118],"acid":[119],"(CDCA),":[120],"which":[121],"known":[123],"increase":[125],"urinary":[128,221],"L/R":[129,171,191,222],"ratio":[130,192,223],"determined":[132],"using":[133,203],"high-performance":[134],"liquid":[135],"chromatography.":[136],"Data":[137],"presented":[139],"as":[140],"medians":[141],"(range).":[142],"RESULTS:":[143],"no":[147],"differences":[148],"observed":[150],"the":[152,167,204,216,220,226],"solutions.":[154,169],"2,":[157],"there":[158],"significant":[161],"difference":[162],"(P":[163,200],"=":[164],"0.045)":[165],"ratios":[172],"0.0079":[174],"(0.0024-0.0152)":[175],"(1L":[176],"0.1R),":[178],"0.0138":[179],"(0.0066-0.0192)":[180],"(5L":[181],"0.5R)":[183],"0.0144":[185],"(0.0074-0.0374)":[186],"(10L":[187],"1R).":[189],"differed":[193],"significantly":[194],"Groups":[196],"<":[201],"0.001)":[202],"5L":[205,236],"0.5R":[207,238],"10L":[209],"1R":[211],"respectively.":[213],"CONCLUSION:":[214],"If":[215],"increased,":[219],"depends":[224],"quantity":[227],"equal":[234],"proportion.":[235],"sufficient":[240],"moderately":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
