{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2119092003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/174182679700400108","title":"A Randomized Trial of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Reduction: Patterns of Attrition after Randomization and During Follow-Up","display_name":"A Randomized Trial of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Reduction: Patterns of Attrition after Randomization and During Follow-Up","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2119092003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/174182679700400108","mag":"2119092003","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9215520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/174182679700400108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/174182679700400108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/174182679700400108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239579","display_name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","issn_l":"1741-8267","issn":["1741-8267","1741-8275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111925007","display_name":"Theresa J. McCann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. J. McCann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, USA","From the University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002475361","display_name":"Michael H. Criqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-9661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-9661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. H. Criqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083988346","display_name":"Iraj A. Kashani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. A. Kashani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059632818","display_name":"James F. Sallis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2555-9452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2555-9452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. F. Sallis","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108416802","display_name":"Karen J. Calfas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. J. Calfas","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104110437","display_name":"Robert D. Langer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. D. Langer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047839857","display_name":"Joan W. Rupp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. W. Rupp","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002475361"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8927,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77091669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14212","display_name":"Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention","score":0.7192000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14212","display_name":"Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention","score":0.7192000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13522","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors","score":0.1647000014781952,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11083","display_name":"Cardiac Health and Mental Health","score":0.031599998474121094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attrition","display_name":"attrition","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"dropout","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-modification","display_name":"behavior modification","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-intervention","display_name":"family intervention","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventive-cardiology","display_name":"preventive cardiology","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention-intensity","display_name":"intervention intensity","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-cholesterol","display_name":"LDL cholesterol","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-of-trial-results","display_name":"generalizability of trial results","score":0.7149999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7772501707077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780553607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684868","display_name":"Attrition","level":2,"score":0.7188594341278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204243189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085","display_name":"Randomization","level":3,"score":0.6524671912193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6448558568954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.51587975025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984949393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1260241","display_name":"Drop out","level":2,"score":0.5119713544845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.5060557723045349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5055029392242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.4851885437965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4534270465373993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.42572250962257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001521","descriptor_name":"Behavior Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005192","descriptor_name":"Family Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008019","descriptor_name":"Life Style","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010352","descriptor_name":"Patient Dropouts","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/174182679700400108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/174182679700400108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/174182679700400108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239579","display_name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","issn_l":"1741-8267","issn":["1741-8267","1741-8275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9215520","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9215520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cardiovascular risk","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3529948931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HL01718","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4803428477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RR00827","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G62990614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MO1 RR00827","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7031156219","display_name":"PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY ACADEMIC AWARD, NHLBI","funder_award_id":"5k07hl001718-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8878637015","display_name":"General Clinical Research Center","funder_award_id":"M01RR000827","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000003486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RR00827","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307115","display_name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","ror":"https://ror.org/00gtmwv55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171705348","https://openalex.org/W175811572","https://openalex.org/W572483128","https://openalex.org/W1848464647","https://openalex.org/W1932330315","https://openalex.org/W2028021641","https://openalex.org/W2033044031","https://openalex.org/W2058144795","https://openalex.org/W2103825558","https://openalex.org/W2228844211","https://openalex.org/W2398719142","https://openalex.org/W2792310861","https://openalex.org/W2898263469","https://openalex.org/W4302583019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529412562","https://openalex.org/W2106635191","https://openalex.org/W258685454","https://openalex.org/W2050237010","https://openalex.org/W3104916856","https://openalex.org/W1982618402","https://openalex.org/W2048394301","https://openalex.org/W4399870950","https://openalex.org/W2028578542","https://openalex.org/W2592016143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1],"Preventive":[2],"Cardiology":[3],"Center":[4],"compared":[5,33,174],"two":[6,117],"intensities":[7],"of":[8,25,44,47,108,115,201,220,231],"behavior":[9],"modification":[10],"for":[11],"cardiovascular":[12],"disease":[13],"(CVD)":[14],"risk":[15,20,203,232],"factors":[16],"in":[17,52,128,197,211,222],"persons":[18],"at":[19],"and":[21,29,55,73,79,86,94,96,102,145,186,194,225],"their":[22],"families.":[23],"Characteristics":[24],"drop-outs":[26,196],"both":[27,223],"before":[28],"after":[30],"intervention":[31,118],"were":[32,50,110,138,179,205],"with":[34,175],"subjects":[35,123,156],"who":[36],"completed":[37],"the":[38,53,116,129,154,158,165,218],"6-month":[39,166],"trial.":[40],"METHODS:":[41],"A":[42],"total":[43],"333":[45],"individuals":[46],"all":[48],"ages":[49],"enrolled":[51],"study":[54],"randomly":[56,111],"assigned":[57,112],"by":[58],"family":[59,80],"to":[60,89,113,142,146,183,187],"a":[61,66,77,149,198],"single-session":[62],"('skills'":[63],"group-low-intensity)":[64],"or":[65],"five-session":[67],"('practice'":[68],"group-high":[69],"intensity)":[70],"intervention.":[71,130],"Baseline":[72],"follow-up":[74,167,176],"assessments":[75],"included":[76],"personal":[78],"health":[81],"questionnaire,":[82],"nutritional":[83],"intake":[84],"survey,":[85],"clinic":[87],"visit":[88],"obtain":[90],"blood":[91],"pressure,":[92],"lipids,":[93],"height":[95],"weight":[97],"data.":[98],"RESULTS:":[99],"Two":[100],"hundred":[101],"forty":[103],"adults":[104],"over":[105],"18":[106],"years":[107],"age":[109],"one":[114],"groups.":[119],"Of":[120,153],"these,":[121],"68":[122],"(28.3%)":[124],"did":[125,162],"not":[126,163],"participate":[127],"Multivariate":[131,170],"analysis":[132,171],"revealed":[133,172],"that":[134],"these":[135],"'early":[136],"drop-outs'":[137],"significantly":[139,180,206],"more":[140,181],"likely":[141,182],"be":[143,184,188],"non-white":[144],"have":[147],"had":[148],"lower":[150],"LDL":[151],"cholesterol.":[152],"172":[155],"attending":[157],"intervention,":[159],"70":[160],"(40.7%)":[161],"attend":[164],"('late":[168],"drop-outs').":[169],"that,":[173],"attendees,":[177],"non-attendees":[178],"white":[185],"current":[189],"smokers.":[190],"CONCLUSIONS:":[191],"Both":[192],"early":[193],"late":[195],"randomized":[199],"trial":[200],"CVD":[202],"reduction":[204,234],"different":[207],"than":[208],"continuing":[209],"participants":[210],"several":[212],"key":[213],"factors.":[214],"These":[215],"differences":[216],"suggest":[217],"use":[219],"caution":[221],"interpreting":[224],"making":[226],"generalizations":[227],"about":[228],"behavioral":[229],"trials":[230],"factor":[233],"when":[235],"attrition":[236],"is":[237],"high.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}